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Second Triumvirate
Definition

Second Triumvirate

The Second Triumvirate was a political association of convenience between three of Rome's most powerful figures: Mark Antony, Lepidus, and Octavian in the 1st century BCE. Following the assassination of Julius Caesar the three...
First Triumvirate
Definition

First Triumvirate

The First Triumvirate of ancient Rome was an uneasy alliance between the three titans Julius Caesar, Pompey, and Crassus which, from 60 BCE until 53 BCE, dominated the politics of the Roman Republic. Alliances have always been...
Triumvirate of Saint-Just, Robespierre, and Couthon
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Triumvirate of Saint-Just, Robespierre, and Couthon

The Triumvirate of the Terror: Louis Antoine Saint-Just (left), Maximilien Robespierre (center), Georges Couthon (right). Unknown author, 1794.
The First Triumvirate of the Roman Republic, c. 60-53 BCE
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The First Triumvirate of the Roman Republic, c. 60-53 BCE

The First Triumvirate was an informal and secret political alliance formed in 60 BCE between three of Rome's most powerful figures: Julius Caesar, Pompey the Great, and Marcus Licinius Crassus...
Division of the Second Triumvirate
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Division of the Second Triumvirate

A map showing the areas controlled by different members of Rome's Second Triumvirate of Lepidus (Brown), Octavian (Purple), and Mark Antony (Green) in the 1st century BCE. The light red areas indicate shared control...
Hortensia before the Second Triumvirate
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Hortensia before the Second Triumvirate

Hortensia making a speech before the Second Triumvirate, woodcut illustration (leaf 10r, f. cx) from an incunable German translation by Heinrich Steinhöwel of Giovanni Boccaccio's De mulieribus claris, printed...
Battle of Actium
Definition

Battle of Actium

The Battle of Actium (2 September 31 BCE, fought in the Ionian Sea off Actium, Greece) was the decisive engagement of the civil war fought between Octavian Caesar (l. 63-14 CE, later known as Augustus, r. 27 BCE - 14 CE) and the...
Augustus
Definition

Augustus

Augustus Caesar (27 BCE - 14 CE) was the name of the first and, by most accounts, greatest Roman emperor. Augustus was born Gaius Octavius Thurinus on 23 September 63 BCE. Octavian was adopted by his great-uncle Julius Caesar in 44...
Ancient Rome
Definition

Ancient Rome

According to legend, Ancient Rome was founded by the two brothers, and demigods, Romulus and Remus, on 21 April 753 BCE. The legend claims that in an argument over who would rule the city (or, in another version, where the city would...
Julius Caesar
Definition

Julius Caesar

Gaius Julius Caesar was born 12 July 100 BCE (though some cite 102 as his birth year). His father, also Gaius Julius Caesar, was a Praetor who governed the province of Asia and his mother, Aurelia Cotta, was of noble birth. Both...
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