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Title page of To the University of Ingolstadt (1523), an open letter by the German reformer Argula von Grumbach (l. 1490 to c. 1564) protesting the dismissal, arrest, and imprisonment of the young scholar Arsacius Seehofer (l. c. 1504 to...

The title page of an early edition of Common Sense by the Anglo-American philosopher Thomas Paine (1737-1809). The pamphlet was first published in 1776 and therein Paine argued for independence for the 13 American colonies.

Title page from the first edition of Walden by Henry David Thoreau, Ticknor and Fields, 1854.

Title page of the Life of Ignatius of Loyola, print by Cornelis Galle, Antwerpen, 1610. Rijksmuseum, Amsterdam.

Title page of Defending Clerical Marriage (1524), an open letter by reformer and theologian Katharina Zell (nee Schütz, l. 1497-1562).

The title page of the 1559 fourth edition of Institutes of the Christian Religion by John Calvin (l. 1509-1564), the French Reformer, pastor, and theologian.

The title page of an early edition of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire by Edward Gibbon (1737-1794), first published in 1776. (John Adams Library at the Boston Public Library)

The title page of Reflections on the Revolution in France, first published in 1790 and written by Edmund Burke (1729-1797), the Anglo-Irish statesman and political thinker.

The position of God's Wife of Amun was one of the most politically powerful and spiritually significant in later Egyptian history. Elevated from a figurehead in the New Kingdom (c.1570-1069 BCE), the God's Wife of Amun would hold power equal...

Cratinus was a highly successful writer of Attic Old Comedy, but the very fragmentary nature of his surviving plays means that he is not as well remembered as Aristophanes (eleven of whose plays come down to us intact). Despite this, it is...