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Mongol Invasion of Japan, 1281 CE
A detail showing the failed Mongol attack on the defensive walls of Hakata, Japan in 1281 CE. From the Mongol Scroll, aka the 'Illustrated Account of the Mongol Invasion of Japan.' Commissioned by Takezaki Suenaga, 1293 CE.

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Ancient Israelite & Judean Religion
As early as the 10th century BCE, Israelite and Judean religion began to emerge within the broader West Semitic culture, otherwise known as Canaanite culture. Between the 10th century and 7th centuries BCE, ancient Israelite and Judean religion...

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Map of the Mongol Empire
A map of the Mongol Empire at its greatest extent, showing capitals and major cities.

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The Mongol Invasion of Japan
"The Mongol Invasion" is a Japanese silk tapestry by Kawashima Jimbei II (Japanese, 1853 - 1910 CE), based on an oil painting by Morizumo Yugyo (1854 - 1927 CE). The painting depicts the Mongol Empire's failed invasions of Japan in in 1274...

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Religion in Ancient China
Religious practices in ancient China go back over 7,000 years. Long before the philosophical and spiritual teachings of Confucius and Lao-Tzu developed or before the teachings of the Buddha came to China, the people worshipped personifications...

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Japanese Samurai Attack Mongol Ships
A detail showing Japanese samurai attacking a much larger Mongol ship during the failed invasions of Japan in 1274 and 1281 CE. From the Mongol Scroll, aka the 'Illustrated Account of the Mongol Invasion of Japan.' Commissioned by Takezaki...

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Four Khanates of the Mongol Empire
A map of the four Khanates of the Mongol Empire, after its division in 1259 CE.

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Mongol Empire Under Kublai Khan
The Mongol Empire during the reign of Kublai Khan (r. 1260 - 1294 CE).

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Mongol Empire Under Ogedei Khan
A map of the Mongol Empire c. 1240 CE, before the death of Ogedei Khan (r. 1229 - 1241 CE).

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Religion in Colonial America
Religion in Colonial America was dominated by Christianity although Judaism was practiced in small communities after 1654. Christian denominations included Anglicans, Baptists, Catholics, Congregationalists, German Pietists, Lutherans, Methodists...