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Cleopatra VII
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Cleopatra VII - The Last Great Pharaoh of Ancient Egypt

Cleopatra VII (69-30 BCE, reign 51-30 BCE) was the last ruler of Egypt before it was annexed as a province of Rome. Arguably the most famous Egyptian queen, Cleopatra was ethnically Greek as a member of the Macedonian Ptolemaic Dynasty (323-30...
Family Tree of the Ptolemaic Dynasty of Egypt (305-30 BCE)
Image by Simeon Netchev

Family Tree of the Ptolemaic Dynasty of Egypt (305-30 BCE)

This infographic illustrates the royal lineage of the Ptolemaic Dynasty, which ruled Egypt during the Hellenistic period (305–30 BCE). Founded by Ptolemy I Soter, a companion of Alexander the Great, the dynasty is notable for elevating royal...
Isambard Kingdom Brunel
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Isambard Kingdom Brunel

Isambard Kingdom Brunel (1806-1859) was a British engineer and a key figure of the British Industrial Revolution (1760-1840). Brunel masterminded the Great Western Railway from London to Bristol, designed and built innovative giant steamships...
Arsinoe II Philadelphus
Definition by Branko van Oppen

Arsinoe II Philadelphus

Arsinoe II (l. c. 318/311 - c. 270/268 BCE), daughter of Ptolemy I became one of the most enduring figures of the Lagid or Ptolemaic Dynasty and left an undeniable mark in the historical evidence. She was married three times; first to Alexander...
Kingdom of Magadha: Wars and Warfare
Article by Dr Avantika Lal

Kingdom of Magadha: Wars and Warfare

In ancient India from the 6th century BCE onwards, the kingdom of Magadha (6th century BCE to 4th century BCE) made a mark for itself. Located in the eastern part of India in what is today the state of Bihar, it outshone other kingdoms and...
Collection of Ptolemaic Jewellery
Image by Getty Museum

Collection of Ptolemaic Jewellery

This opulent collection of Ptolemaic jewellery from Egypt probably belonged to a wealthy woman and was made between 225–175 BCE. The various pieces were made out of gold and are inlaid with a variety of precious stones. The collection...
Diademed Head of a Ptolemaic King
Image by Getty Museum

Diademed Head of a Ptolemaic King

This marble portrait of a diademed man is believed to depict a Ptolemaic king. The piece is made of marble from Asia Minor and was produced in Alexandria, Egypt. The portrait is part of the collection of the J. Paul Getty Museum. Digital...
Cleopatra Selene II
Definition by Arienne King

Cleopatra Selene II

Cleopatra Selene II (40 - c. 5 BCE) was a member of the Ptolemaic Dynasty who became the queen of Mauretania upon her marriage to King Juba II of Numidia (48 BCE - 23 CE). Though more obscure than her famous mother, Cleopatra VII (69-30 BCE...
Ptolemaic Temple of Kom Ombo
Image by APX Photography

Ptolemaic Temple of Kom Ombo

The double entrance to the Temple of Kom Ombo in Aswan, Egypt. Built by the Ptolemaic dynasty c. 180-47 BCE.
Demotic Temple Oath from the Ptolemaic Period
Image by Metropolitan Museum of Art

Demotic Temple Oath from the Ptolemaic Period

This piece of pottery with Demotic Egyptian text records an oath taken by Petasatet to declare his innocence in the case of cloth theft. This oath was taken before a priest of the Temple of Hathor on Dec. 6, 127 BCE. Temples played an important...
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