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USS Niagara fires on the entangled British ships Detroit and Queen Charlotte at the climactic moment of the Battle of Lake Erie (10 September 1813), painting by Julian Oliver Davidson, 1887. Erie Maritime Museum.

A 19th-century painting by Ernest Crofts showing Oliver Cromwell at the Battle of Marston Moor on 2 July 1644 during the English Civil Wars (1642-51). Cromwell and the Parliamentarians were victorious. (Bridgeman Art Library)

A map of the local geographic features and initial troop dispositions of the battle of Preston in August 1648. The running battle, one of the key engagements of the English Civil Wars (1642-51), occurred over several days and ended in the...

An 1831 painting by Paul Delaroche showing Oliver Cromwell (1599-1658) examining the dead body of King Charles I of England (r. 1625-1649) after the English Civil War (1642-51). (Hamburger Kunsthalle, Grmany)

The Family of Cain, ink painting by Peter Oliver, after the original image by Paolo Veronese, 1638–47. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York. Cain and Abel were sons of the first humans Adam and Eve in the biblical Book of Genesis. Cain...

A map showing the troop dispositions of the Scottish and English armies at the battle of Dunbar in 1650 during the English Civil Wars (1642-51). Dunbar is located just over the Anglo-Scottish border on the east coast of Scotland. The English...

The English Civil War. We'll talk about England after Elizabeth, in which things didn't go that smoothly. We'll talk about James I, Charles I, Oliver Cromwell, Charles II, and James II, all of whom ruled England, (and tried to rule all of...

The Glorious Revolution of November 1688 saw Protestant William of Orange (l. 1650-1702) invade England and take the throne of Catholic James II of England (r. 1685-1688). There were no battles, and William was invited by Parliament to become...

Elizabeth I reigned as queen of England from 1558 to 1603. Her 44-year reign was so long and packed with momentous events that the second half of the 16th century is now known as the Elizabethan era and still regarded as a 'Golden Age' for...

The Berlin Conference, also known as the Berlin West Africa Conference, was held between November 1884 and February 1885. Imperial powers, notably Great Britain, France, Belgium, and Germany, met to thrash out their competing claims for control...