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Olaf Tryggvason
Image by Vegard Ottervig

Olaf Tryggvason

Statue of the Norwegian King Olaf Tryggvason (r. 995–1000 CE) located in the city of Trondheim in Norway. Olaf is usually seen as having played an important part in the conversion of Norse to Christianity.
Battle of Brunanburh
Article by Michael McComb

Battle of Brunanburh

The Battle of Brunanburh, fought in the autumn of 937 at an unknown location, saw the English king, Aethelstan (r. 924-939), defeat a coalition of invading armies led by Constantine II of Scotland (r. 900-943) and Olaf Guthfrithson of Dublin...
Edmund I
Definition by Michael McComb

Edmund I - The Second King of England

Edmund I ruled the Kingdom of the English from 939 to 946. In his youth, alongside his brother, King Aethelstan (reign 924-939), he defeated a Celtic-Viking alliance at the Battle of Brunanburh (937). Yet when Aethelstan died in 939 and Edmund...
The Vikings in Iceland
Article by Joshua J. Mark

The Vikings in Iceland

The medieval sources on the discovery and settlement of Iceland frequently refer to the explorers as “Vikings” but, technically, they were not. The term “Viking” applies only to Scandinavian raiders, not to Scandinavians generally. Some of...
Thor
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Thor

Thor (Old Norse: Þórr) is the Norse god of thunder, the sky, and agriculture. He is the son of Odin, chief of the gods, and Odin's consort Jord (Earth) and husband of the fertility goddess Sif, who is the mother of his son Modi and daughter...
The Danish Conquest of England
Article by Brandon M. Bender

The Danish Conquest of England

The Danish conquest of England was not a singular event, but a series of large Viking invasions of England between 1013 and 1016, which eventually overthrew the native English dynasty. As a result, four kings from the House of Denmark ruled...
Leif Erikson
Definition by Emma Groeneveld

Leif Erikson

Leif Erikson (also spelled Leif Eriksson, Old Norse Leifr Eiríksson), nicknamed Leif 'the Lucky', was a Norse Viking who is best known for arguably being the first European to have set foot on North American soil along with his crew c. 1000...
Harald Bluetooth & the Conversion of Denmark
Article by Irina-Maria Manea

Harald Bluetooth & the Conversion of Denmark

In Scandinavia, Christianity spread due to the support and encouragement of political rulers at the top of the society above all else. Conversion, defined here as the actions taken by kings or clerics to introduce the new religion, did not...
Aethelred the Unready
Definition by Brandon M. Bender

Aethelred the Unready

Aethelred II, also known as Aethelred the Unready, was king of the English from 978-1013 and 1014-1016. His long reign was initially stable, but Viking attacks on England escalated from the 990s onward. Viking incursions eventually grew so...
Norse Alcohol & The Mead of Poetry
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Norse Alcohol & The Mead of Poetry

Alcohol played an integral part in Norse culture. People drank ale more than water because the brew had to be boiled as part of the process and so was safer to drink. The Norse of Scandinavia had four main types of fermented beverage: ale...
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