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Marinus van der Lubbe
A photograph of Marinus van der Lubbe (1909-34), a communist charged by the Nazi government with starting the Reichstag Fire of 27 February 1933. Found guilty, van der Lubbe was executed. (National Archives of the Netherlands)

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Arrest of Marinus van der Lubbe
A photograph of Marinus van der Lubbe (1909-34) under police arrest. Charged by the Nazi government with starting the Reichstag Fire of 27 February 1933, van der Lubbe was found guilty and executed. (National Archives of the Netherlands)

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Proclus
Proclus of Athens (c. 412-485 CE) was a prolific Platonic philosopher whose main aim was the seemingly impossible task of defending traditional Greek polytheism at the time when his contemporary culture was almost completely dominated by...

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Reichstag Fire
The Reichstag fire of 27 February 1933 was a possible arson attack on the German parliament building. The fire was blamed on a communist anarchist Marinus van der Lubbe (1909-1934), but it may have been the work of the Nazi party's paramilitary...

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Philip the Arab
Philip the Arab ruled as emperor of the Roman Empire briefly from 244 CE to 249 CE. In 244 CE Roman emperor Gordian III responded to an uprising in the eastern provinces instigated by the Persian king Shapur. Under the superb leadership of...

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The Reichstag Fire, 1933
A photograph of the Reichstag Fire of 27 February 1933, an arson attack on the German parliament blamed on a communist anarchist Marinus van der Lubbe but more likely the work of the Nazi party’s paramilitary group the Sturmabteilung (SA...

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Continental Army Presentation Sword
A presentation sword awarded to Colonel Marinus Willett (1740–1830 CE), of the Continental Army. It is one of ten "elegant swords" awarded by the Continental Congress to officers who demonstrated exceptional merit against the British during...

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Vincent van Gogh
Vincent van Gogh (1853-1890) was a Dutch post-impressionist artist whose paintings are amongst the most popular and recognizable in history. His dramatic brushwork, exuberant palette, and mastery at capturing moments in time and light revolutionised...

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Claudius Ptolemy
Claudius Ptolemy (c. 100 to c. 170 CE) was an Alexandrian mathematician, astronomer, and geographer. His works survived antiquity and the Middle Ages intact, and his theories, particularly on a geocentric model of the universe with planets...

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Night of the Long Knives
The Night of the Long Knives (aka Blood Purge or Röhm-Putsch) of 30 June 1934 was a purge of the Nazi Sturmabteilung (SA) paramilitary group which continued through 1 and 2 July. Adolf Hitler (1889-1945), wary of the growing power of the...