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Flour War
The Flour War refers to the series of approximately 300 riots that swept through France from April to May 1775, because of rising bread prices. The revolts only subsided after soldiers had been deployed, resulting in hundreds of arrests...

Definition
Sojourner Truth
Sojourner Truth (l. c. 1797-1883) was an African American abolitionist, women's suffrage advocate, and civil rights activist who famously "walked away" from slavery in 1826, sued in court for the return of her son and, between 1843 and her...

Video
Baking An Ancient Roman Cheesecake
The placenta is a Roman layered cheese-loaf, suggested by some scholars to be a precursor of today's pizza. A later adaptation of the Greek plakous, it has a recipe handed down to us by Cato the Elder, which, in this video, is put into practice...

Article
Roman Mills
The Romans constructed mills for use in agriculture, mining and construction. Around the 3rd century BCE, the first mills were used to grind grain. Later developments and breakthroughs in milling technology expanded their use to crushing...

Definition
Aspasia of Miletus
Aspasia of Miletus (l. c. 470-410/400 BCE) is best known as the consort of the great Athenian statesman Pericles. Her life story has always been given in the shadow of Pericles' fame, but she was a woman of great eloquence and intelligence...

Definition
Edgar Allan Poe
Edgar Allan Poe (1809-1849) was an American author and poet, often credited as the father of the short story, a pioneer of science fiction, the inventor of the detective story, and the master of the horror genre. He is best known for his...

Definition
Anne of Austria
Anne of Austria (1601-1666), as the wife of King Louis XIII of France (r. 1610-1643), was queen consort of France and of Navarre when the Kingdom of Navarre was annexed by the French Crown. She also acted as regent for her son, King Louis...

Video
Penicillin: From Fleming to the Pharmacy
Penicillin's discovery by Alexander Fleming in 1929 gets a lot of hype as the advent of antibiotics. But in reality, Fleming was just one part of the story. A team from Oxford University led by Howard Florey, in partnership with the Northern...

Article
Diversity in Church Architecture in Medieval England
Medieval English churches differed in size and layout. Their original and evolving role(s), financial and material resources, and architectural fashions helped determine variability. However, their look ultimately grew from a constant symbiosis...

Image
Tabula Rogeriana
The Tabula Rogeriana, as it is called in English, was made by Arab geographer Muhammad al-Idrisi in 1154. The map was commissioned by Roger II of Sicily (r. 1130-1154) around 1138, and took nearly 15 years to complete. Eight copies of the...