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Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
Definition by Harrison W. Mark

Jean-Baptiste Jourdan

Jean-Baptiste Jourdan (1762-1833) was a French general who held significant commands in the French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802) and the Napoleonic Wars (1803-1815). He won a major victory for the French Republic at the Battle of Fleurus...
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Jean-Jacques Rousseau

Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) was a Swiss philosopher whose work both praised and criticised the Enlightenment movement. Although a believer in the power of reason, science, and the arts, Rousseau was convinced that a flourishing culture...
The French Exploration of New Zealand
Article by Kim Martins

The French Exploration of New Zealand

The French exploration of New Zealand has been overshadowed by the achievements of British navigator Captain James Cook (1728-1779), but French navigators who visited Aotearoa's (New Zealand) shores named over 100 geographical places and...
Jean-Baptiste Marchand at Fashoda
Image by World Imaging

Jean-Baptiste Marchand at Fashoda

An 1898 French magazine cover showing Jean-Baptiste Marchand, who led an expedition to Fashoda in Sudan to claim it for France. This episode during the Scramble for Africa created the Fashoda Incident when France and Britain almost went to...
Jean-Baptiste de La Rochefoucauld, Duc d'Anville
Image by F. de Troy

Jean-Baptiste de La Rochefoucauld, Duc d'Anville

Portrait of Jean-Baptiste de La Rochefoucauld, Duc d'Anville, painting by F. de Troy. The Duc d'Anville led an ill-fated military expedition to Nova Scotia during King George's War (1744-1748) to engage against the English and retake the...
Jean-Baptiste Jourdan, Marshal of the Empire
Image by Eugène Charpentier

Jean-Baptiste Jourdan, Marshal of the Empire

Jean-Baptiste Jourdan (1762-1833), 1st Count Jourdan, marshal of the empire, oil on canvas by Eugène Charpentier, mid-19th century. Palace of Versailles.
Jean-Baptiste Jourdan
Image by Julie Volpelière & Horace Vernet

Jean-Baptiste Jourdan

French General Jean-Baptiste Jourdan (1762-1833), marshal of the Empire under the reign of Napoleon I. Oil on canvas portrait initiated by Julie Volpelière but finished by Horace Vernet in 1834. Palace of Versailles.
Jean Lafitte
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Jean Lafitte

Jean Lafitte (also spelt Laffite, c. 1780 to c. 1820 CE) was a Franco-American leader of pirates and privateers who captured merchant vessels of various states in the Gulf of Mexico from 1810 to 1820. Lafitte proved an invaluable ally for...
Jean Sibelius
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Jean Sibelius

Jean Sibelius (1865-1957) was a Finnish composer famous for his symphonies, the symphonic poem Finlandia, and the Karelia Suite. Although Sibelius inspired a music revival in his native country, became a figurehead for the Finnish nationalist...
The Route of the St Jean Baptiste and the Endeavour around the North Cape of New Zealand
Image by Goran tek-en,

The Route of the St Jean Baptiste and the Endeavour around the North Cape of New Zealand

The route of the St Jean Baptiste and Captain James Cook's Endeavour around the North Cape of New Zealand in December 1769.
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