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James Scott, Duke of Monmouth
A c. 1682 portrait by Peter Lely of James Scott, Duke of Monmouth (b. 1649). Monmouth was the illegitimate son of Charles I of England and led the failed Monmouth Rebellion against James II of England. He was executed for treason in 1685...

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James Francis Edward Stuart
A c. 1720 portrait of James II of England’s exiled son James Francis Edward Stuart (1688-1766), also known as the Old Pretender since he claimed the crown of Great Britain which had since passed on to the House of Hanover and George I of...

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Mary, Queen of Scots
Mary, Queen of Scots was the queen of both Scotland (r. 1542-1567) and briefly, France (r. 1559-1560). Obliged to flee Scotland, the queen was imprisoned for 19 years by Elizabeth I of England (r. 1558-1603) and finally executed for treason...

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James I of England
Painting of James I of England wearing the jewel called the Three Brothers in his hat, after John de Critz, c. 1605 CE.
Kunsthistorisches Museum Wien

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James II of England
A portrait of James II of England (r. 1685-1688) who reigned briefly as the king of England, Scotland and Ireland until he was deposed by the Glorious Revolution of November 1688. This portrait was painted in the period 1650 to 1675. (Bolton...

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Mary, Queen of Scots & James I of England
Portraits of Mary, Queen of Scots (r. 1542-1567) and her son James I of England (r. 1603-1625). Painted in 1583. (Blair Castle, Perthshire, Scotland)

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Mercy Otis Warren
Mercy Otis Warren (1728-1814) was an American poet, playwright, and activist during the era of the American Revolution (1765-1789). Through her works of political satire, she advocated for the Patriot cause and became acquainted with several...

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Statue of James II of England
A statue of James II of England (r. 1685-1688) as a Roman Emperor, designed by Peter van Dievoet and Laurens van der Meulen, 1686.
Trafalgar Square, London.

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James IV of Scotland
A late-15th century CE portrait of James IV of Scotland (r. 1488-1513 CE). (National Gallery of Scotland, Edinburgh).

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James V of Scotland
A c. 1536 CE portrait of James V of Scotland (r. 1513-1542 CE) by Corneille de Lyon. (Private collection)