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Cuneiform
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Cuneiform

Cuneiform is a system of writing first developed by the ancient Sumerians of Mesopotamia c. 3500 BCE. It is considered the most significant among the many cultural contributions of the Sumerians and the greatest among those of the Sumerian...
Mesopotamian Education
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Mesopotamian Education

Mesopotamian education was invented by the Sumerians following the creation of writing c. 3500 BCE. The earliest schools were attached to temples but later established in separate buildings in which the scribes of ancient Mesopotamia learned...
Great Ancient & Medieval Poetry
Collection by Joshua J. Mark

Great Ancient & Medieval Poetry

Poetry is the first form of literary expression in the world as evidenced by The Epic of Gilgamesh, the oldest piece of world literature. For over 4,000 years, people have been writing poetry to express personal, communal, or global experiences...
Writing
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Writing

Writing is the physical manifestation of a spoken language. It is thought that human beings developed language c. 35,000 BCE as evidenced by cave paintings from the period of the Cro-Magnon Man (c. 50,000-30,000 BCE) which appear to express...
Literature
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Literature

Literature (from the Latin Littera meaning 'letters' and referring to an acquaintance with the written word) is the written work of a specific culture, sub-culture, religion, philosophy or the study of such written work which may appear in...
Mahabharata: the Ancient Indian Epic
Video by Kelly Macquire

Mahabharata: the Ancient Indian Epic

The Mahabharata is an Ancient Indian Epic and is the longest epic poem in the world. It was believed to have been composed as early as the 4th c. BCE or even earlier by the sage Vyasa (who is also a character in the story). As a whole, the...
Epic of Dietrich von Bern, Sintram, and the Dragon
Image by Marc Auer from France, uploaded by Edelseider

Epic of Dietrich von Bern, Sintram, and the Dragon

Sculpture from the Church of Saint Peter and Saint Paul in Rosheim, France, 12th century.
Beer
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Beer

Beer is one of the oldest intoxicating beverages consumed by human beings. Even a cursory survey of history makes clear that, after human beings have taken care of the essential needs of food, shelter, and rudimentary laws for the community...
Mahabharata
Definition by Anindita Basu

Mahabharata

The Mahabharata is an ancient Indian epic where the main story revolves around two branches of a family - the Pandavas and Kauravas - who, in the Kurukshetra War, battle for the throne of Hastinapura. Interwoven into this narrative are several...
Ancient Mesopotamian Beliefs in the Afterlife
Article by M. Choksi

Ancient Mesopotamian Beliefs in the Afterlife

Unlike the rich corpus of ancient Egyptian funerary texts, no such “guidebooks” from Mesopotamia detail the afterlife and the soul's fate after death. Instead, ancient Mesopotamian views of the afterlife must be pieced together from a variety...
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