Cardinal richelieu: Did you mean...?

Portrait of Richelieu, oil on canvas by Philippe de Champaigne, 1642. Musée des Beaux-Arts de Strasbourg.

Anne of Austria (1601-1666), as the wife of King Louis XIII of France (r. 1610-1643), was queen consort of France and of Navarre when the Kingdom of Navarre was annexed by the French Crown. She also acted as regent for her son, King Louis...

Cardinal Thomas Cajetan (l.c. 1468-1534) was a Catholic theologian and philosopher best known for his disputations with Martin Luther (l. 1483-1546) beginning in 1518. Cajetan, a philosophical Humanist, was thought to have had the best chance...

La Rochelle emerged early in the French Reformation as a Protestant political and military center. The city's fortifications withstood repeated sieges over the years. In 1627, La Rochelle was besieged by Cardinal Richelieu (l. 1585-1642...

Henry of Navarre became the nominal ruler of France after the assassination of Henry III of France (r. 1574-1589), whose marriage to Louise de Lorraine produced no heir. After years of attempts to deny the throne to Navarre, his enemies realized...

Richelieu on the Sea Wall of La Rochelle, oil on canvas by Henri-Paul Motte, 1881. Musée des Beaux-Arts de La Rochelle.

The affair of the diamond necklace (1784-86) was a scandal that centered around Queen Marie Antoinette of France (l. 1755-1793). Although the queen was innocent of any involvement in a plot to steal a luxurious diamond necklace, the scandal...

Thomas Wolsey, Cardinal Archbishop of York (l. c. 1473-1530 CE) served as Lord Chancellor to Henry VIII of England (r. 1509-1547 CE) from around 1513 CE to 1529 CE. Wolsey rose to become the most powerful man in England after the king, he...

A reproduction of a 1557 print of Martin Luther (on right approaching desk) and Cardinal Thomas Cajetan (on left, holding open the book) depicting their 1518 disputation at Augsburg.

A c. 1621 portrait of Cardinal Agostino Pallavicini by Anthony van Dyck (1599-1641). The cardinal is wearing robes dyed with cochineal. (Getty Center, Los Angeles)