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Map of the Ming Dynasty of China, 1368-1644
Image by Simeon Netchev

Map of the Ming Dynasty of China, 1368-1644

The Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) marked the restoration of native Han Chinese rule after the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty (1271-1368). Founded by the Hongwu Emperor (Zhu Yuanzhang, reign 1368-1398), the Ming state reasserted centralized...
Genghis Khan
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Genghis Khan

Genghis Khan (aka Chinggis Khan) was the founder of the Mongol Empire which he ruled from 1206 until his death in 1227. Born Temujin, he acquired the title of Genghis Khan, likely meaning 'universal ruler’, after unifying the Mongol tribes...
The Great Wall of China in Snow
Image by Steve Webel

The Great Wall of China in Snow

A section of the Great Wall of China just north of Beijing. The wall was begun in the 7th century BCE and significantly extended by the Ch'in emperor Qin Shi Huangdi from 220 to 210 BCE.
The Great Wall of China
Image by Emily Mark

The Great Wall of China

The Great Wall of China, built 221 BCE-1664 CE.
Watchtower at the Great Wall of China
Image by Emily Mark

Watchtower at the Great Wall of China

The Great Wall of China was begun during the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE) but little of that original wall is left. The wall that people recognize today is largely from the Ming Dynasty (1368-1662 CE) which built the distinctive watchtowers...
Great Wall of China Stairs
Image by Emily Mark

Great Wall of China Stairs

Stairs at the Great Wall of China (built 221BCE - 1664CE).
Silk in Antiquity
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Silk in Antiquity

Silk is a fabric first produced in Neolithic China from the filaments of the cocoon of the silk worm. It became a staple source of income for small farmers and, as weaving techniques improved, the reputation of Chinese silk spread so that...
Three Kingdoms Period of China and the Rise of Xianbei in the year 229 CE
Image by Stone Chen

Three Kingdoms Period of China and the Rise of Xianbei in the year 229 CE

This map depicts the boundaries of all major civilizations in East Asia at the beginning of the Three Kingdoms Period of China, with italics indicating nomadic bands and other tribal societies. Following the collapse of Han Dynasty in 220...
Ancient Egypt
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Ancient Egypt - The Land of the Gods of Balance and Harmony

Egypt is a country in North Africa, on the Mediterranean Sea, and is home to one of the oldest civilizations on Earth. The name "Egypt" comes from the Greek Aegyptos, which was the Greek pronunciation of the ancient Egyptian name Hwt-Ka-Ptah...
Emperor Taizong of Tang
Definition by Emily Mark

Emperor Taizong of Tang

Taizong (birth name, Li-Shimin, l. 598-649 CE, r. 626-649 CE) was the second emperor of the Tang Dynasty and is considered one of the greatest rulers in Chinese history for his reforms of the government and the laws, his religious tolerance...
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