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Churchill in the Ancient Theatre of Carthage
Image by Imperial War Museums

Churchill in the Ancient Theatre of Carthage

A photograph taken in June 1943 of Winston Churchill (raising his hat on his cane) addressing troops in the ancient theatre of Carthage, Tunisia during the North Africa Campaign of the Second World War (1939-45). (Imperial War Museums)
Bernard Montgomery
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Bernard Montgomery

Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery (1887-1976) was one of Britain's top commnaders in the Second World War (1939-45). He famously defeated Erwin Rommel (1891-1944) at the Second Battle of El Alamein in North Africa in November 1942. Known for...
Dunkirk Evacuation
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Dunkirk Evacuation

The Dunkirk Evacuation of 26 May to 4 June 1940, known as Operation Dynamo, was the attempt to save the British Expeditionary Force in France from total defeat by an advancing German army. Nearly 1,000 naval and civilian craft of all kinds...
Siege of Tobruk
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Siege of Tobruk

The siege of the port of Tobruk in Libya (April to Dec 1941) by Axis forces during the Second World War (1939-45) lasted 242 days and became a symbol of Allied resistance. Besieged by land but still supplied by sea, Tobruk was of vital strategic...
Anne, Queen of Great Britain
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Anne, Queen of Great Britain

Anne reigned as Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1702 and then, following the 1707 Act of Union, over a united kingdom as Queen of Great Britain until her death in 1714. The last of the Stuart monarchs, Anne's reign witnessed...
Rudolf Hess
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Rudolf Hess

Rudolf Hess (1894-1987) was deputy leader of the German Nazi Party and a key figure in the fascist regime of Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) until his bizarre decision in 1941 to fly to Scotland. Hess believed he could persuade Britain to withdraw...
1921 Cairo Conference
Image by Unknown Photographer

1921 Cairo Conference

A photograph of the principal delegates at the Cairo Conference of March 1921. The purpose of the conference was to decide British foreign policy in the Middle East. Seated at the front-centre is Winston Churchill, then Colonial Secretary...
The Wreck of the HMS Gloucester
Article by Pegasus Books

The Wreck of the HMS Gloucester

The HMS Gloucester was wrecked in the North Sea, about 30 miles off the shore of Norfolk, England, shortly after dawn on 6 May 1682. It was a warship in the navy of Charles II of England (r. 1660-1685), and at the time of its loss, it was...
The Allied Victory in North Africa
Article by Mark Cartwright

The Allied Victory in North Africa

The Allied victory in North Africa was achieved in May 1943 after three years of indecisive battles across the region. Outnumbered and with its supply lines compromised, the Axis German-Italian army lost the Battle of Medenine before being...
Battle of Britain
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Battle of Britain

The Battle of Britain, dated 10 July to 31 October, 1940 by the UK Air Ministry, was an air battle between the German Luftwaffe and British Royal Air Force and allies during the Second World War (1939-45). The Luftwaffe failed to achieve...
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