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Bolshevik Revolution
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Bolshevik Revolution - When Russia Became a Socialist State in 1917

The Bolshevik Revolution occurred on 7 November 1917 (old calendar 25 October) and established a new republic: Soviet Russia. The Bolsheviks were radical socialists led by Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924), whose goal was a fairer society where...
Lenin's New Economic Policy
Article by Mark Cartwright

Lenin's New Economic Policy - Communism's Flirtation with Capitalism

The New Economic Policy (NEP) of Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924), leader of Soviet Russia, was the introduction in 1921 of a limited form of capitalism in light industry and agriculture. Contrary to Marxist economic ideas, the NEP was viewed as...
Consequences of the Bolshevik Revolution
Article by Mark Cartwright

Consequences of the Bolshevik Revolution

The long-term goal of the Bolsheviks, who took power by force in Russia in November 1917, was a fairer society where workers and peasants were not exploited by wealthy capitalists. The more immediate consequences, though, of the Bolshevik...
Treaty of Brest-Litovsk
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, signed on 3 March 1918, outlined the harsh conditions under which the crumbling Russian Empire withdrew from the First World War (1914-18). Negotiated by Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924), the leader of Soviet Russia...
Vladimir Lenin, 1914
Image by Boris Dmitrievič Vigilev

Vladimir Lenin, 1914

A 1914 photograph of the Russian revolutionary Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924). Lenin led the Bolshevik faction of socialists in pre-revolution Russia and then seized power in November 1917, becoming head of the Soviet state.
Vladimir Lenin, 1920
Image by Pavel Semyonovich Zhukov

Vladimir Lenin, 1920

A 1920 photograph of Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924). Lenin led the Bolshevik faction of socialists in pre-revolution Russia and then seized power in November 1917 in the Bolshevik Revolution, becoming head of the Soviet state.
The Difference Between the Mensheviks & Bolsheviks
Article by Mark Cartwright

The Difference Between the Mensheviks & Bolsheviks

The Mensheviks ('Minoritarians') and Bolsheviks ('Majoritarians') were two rival factions within the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP), also known as the Russian Social Democratic Workers' Party (RSDWP). The split occurred in...
Kievan Rus
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Kievan Rus

Kievan Rus (862-1242) was a medieval political federation located in modern-day Belarus, Ukraine, and part of Russia (the latter named for the Rus, a Scandinavian people). The name Kievan Rus is a modern-day (19th century) designation but...
History vs. Vladimir Lenin - Alex Gendler
Video by TED-Ed

History vs. Vladimir Lenin - Alex Gendler

View full lesson: http://ed.ted.com/lessons/history-vs-vladimir-lenin-alex-gendler Vladimir Lenin (1870–1924 CE) overthrew Russian Czar Nicholas II (1868–1918 CE) and founded the Soviet Union, forever changing the course of Russian politics...
The Role of Workers' Soviets in the Russian Revolutions
Article by Mark Cartwright

The Role of Workers' Soviets in the Russian Revolutions

Soviets, often called Soviets of Workers' Deputies, were worker councils first formed during the Russian Revolution of 1905 when a general strike was called against the Tsarist regime. Factory and other types of workers across the newly industrialised...
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