Viceroyalty of Peru: Did you mean...?

An illustration from the 16th century Codex Kingsborough showing the abuses of the encomienda forced labour system in the Viceroyalty of New Spain. (British Museum, London)

The treasure ports of the Spanish Main such as Cartagena, Portobelo, Panama, and Veracruz were used to collect the riches the Spanish Empire had extracted from the Americas, ready for transport in the two annual treasure fleets back to Europe...

Over the course of several millennia, textiles were the primary form of aesthetic expression and communication for the diverse cultures that developed throughout the desert coasts and mountain highlands of the Andean region. Worn as garments...

A map indicating the location of the Nazca civilization, 200 BCE - 500 CE, on the southern coast of Peru.

A map illustrating Spain’s drive to expand its empire in South America following the occupation of the larger Caribbean islands by 1512. The promise of gold drove the Spaniards far and wide across the continent, from the Isthmus of Panama...

An Inca circular terracing used to increase agricultural yield. Moray, Peru, 15-16th century CE.

A gold female figurine from the Inca civilization, 15-16th century CE, Peru. Height 15 cm. Such precious figures were typically buried with important people. (The Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York)

A typical double-spouted pot with handle of the Nazca civilization of ancient Peru (200 BCE-500 CE). The design is also typical of Nazca art: Bold lines and colours, often depicting mythical transformational creatures. (Los Angeles County...

An Inca rest station on the Inca Trail, Peru. Such stations were built at regular intervals along most major Inca highways.

A silver alpaca from the Inca civilization of Peru, c. 1400 and 1533 CE. (American Museum of Natural history, New York)