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First Battle of the Somme
Definition by Mark Cartwright

First Battle of the Somme - Britain's Greatest Military Tragedy

The First Battle of the Somme took place in northern France during the First World War from 1 July to 18 November 1916. The battle (not to be confused with the Second Battle of the Somme, aka Somme Offensive of 1918) was fought between German...
Battle of Passchendaele
Article by Mark Cartwright

Battle of Passchendaele - Haig's Folly in the Mud of Flanders

The Battle of Passchendaele (October-November 1917), the final stage of the Third Battle of Ypres, took place in Flanders, Belgium, during the First World War (1914-18). The aim of the Allied commander in this part of the Western Front, Field...
Battle of Marathon
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Battle of Marathon

The Battle on the plain of Marathon in September 490 BCE between Greeks and the invading forces of Persian king Darius I (r. 522-486 BCE) was a victory that would go down in folklore as the moment the Greek city-states showed the world their...
Battle of Bir Hakeim
Article by Mark Cartwright

Battle of Bir Hakeim - The Heroic Defence by Free French Forces in Libya

The defence by Free French forces of the remote desert watering hole of Bir Hakeim (Hacheim) in Libya, North Africa in May-June 1942 during the Second World War (1939-45) is one of the most heroic episodes in French military history. Although...
Renault Tank, Second Battle of the Marne
Image by T.K. Aitken - Imperial War Museums

Renault Tank, Second Battle of the Marne

A July 1918 photograph of a Renault FT-17 tank with French and British troops during the Second Battle of the Marne in the final months of the First World War (1914-18). Imperial War Museums
Troop Dispositions, Second Battle of Newbury
Image by Walter Money

Troop Dispositions, Second Battle of Newbury

The troop dispositions of the Royalists (red) and Parliamentarians (blue) at the indecisive Second Battle of Newbury in October 1644 during the English Civil Wars (1642-51). (1844 illustration by Walter Money)
Battle of Cannae
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Battle of Cannae

The Battle of Cannae (2 August 216 BCE) was the decisive victory of the Carthaginian army over Roman forces at Cannae, southeast Italy, during the Second Punic War (218-202 BCE). The Carthaginian general Hannibal Barca (l. 247-183 BCE), who...
Second Crusade Battle Scene
Image by Unknown Artist

Second Crusade Battle Scene

A battle scene of the Second Crusade (1147-1149 CE). From a 14th century CE illustrated manuscript of William of Tyre's history of the Crusade. (French National Library, Paris)
Afrika Korps
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Afrika Korps - Germany's Elite Desert Force

The Deutsches Afrika Korps (DAK) was an elite German armoured unit that fought in North Africa during the Second World War (1939-45). The Korps was initially led by Erwin Rommel (1891-1944) before he was promoted to lead a larger force of...
Battle of Wattignies
Article by Harrison W. Mark

Battle of Wattignies

The Battle of Wattignies was a significant battle in the War of the First Coalition, part of the wider French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802). It was fought on 15-16 October 1793 between a ragtag army of the First French Republic and a professional...
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