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Carthaginian Naval Warfare
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Carthaginian Naval Warfare

The Carthaginians were famed in antiquity for their seafaring skills and innovation in ship design. The empire their navy protected stretched from Sicily to the Atlantic coast of Africa. Able to match the tyrants of Sicily and the Hellenistic...
Saguntum
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Saguntum

Saguntum (modern Sagunto), located near Valencia in Spain, was an Iberian, and then Roman, settlement. The town's most dramatic moment in history came in the late 3rd century BCE when it was attacked by Hannibal, an act which famously sparked...
The Battle of Zama - Cavalry Charge
Image by Mohammad Adil

The Battle of Zama - Cavalry Charge

The Battle of Zama (202 BCE). Scipio and Hannibal rearrange their troops in a single line and battle remains stalemate until Roman cavalry returns and attacks Hannibal's infantry at the rear.
The Battle of Zama - Start of the Battle
Image by Mohammad Adil

The Battle of Zama - Start of the Battle

The Battle of Zama (202 BCE): Hannibal starts the battle with his war elephants charging at Roman front. Scipio orders his cavalry to blow loud horns to terrify the charging elephants. The panicked elephants turn at the Carthaginian left...
Territories During the Second Punic War
Image by Javierfv1212

Territories During the Second Punic War

The territories involved in the Second Punic War, 218 and 201 BCE. Red = Roman Pink = Roman Allies Blue = Carthaginian Light Blue = Carthaginian Allies
Battle of Zama
Image by Sailko

Battle of Zama

A 16th century CE painting depicting the Battle of Zama between Rome and Carthage in 202 BCE.
The Battle of Zama - Troop Deployment
Image by Mohammad Adil

The Battle of Zama - Troop Deployment

The Battle of Zama (202 BCE) - Roman and Carthaginian troop deployment.
The Battle of Zama - Elephant Charge
Image by Mohammad Adil

The Battle of Zama - Elephant Charge

The Battle of Zama (202 BCE). Roman right wing charges and routs the Carthaginian cavalry, followed by the Roman left wing routing the Carthaginian right wing. Remaining elephants are lured through the lanes and killed.
Homo Habilis
Definition by Emma Groeneveld

Homo Habilis

Homo habilis ("handy man") is an extinct species of human that lived in East and South Africa between 2.3 and 1.5 million years ago and plays an interesting role in the discussion surrounding the dawn of our genus of Homo, which is thought...
De Officiis
Definition by João Dickmann

De Officiis

De Officiis is a treatise written by Marcus Tullius Cicero (106 – 43 BCE), Roman statesman and orator, in the form of a letter to his son just after the death of Julius Caesar in 44 BCE. Strongly influenced by stoicism, De Officiis is divided...
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