Russia: Did you mean...?

John Quincy Adams (1767-1848) was an American statesman and diplomat who served as the sixth president of the United States (1825-1829). The son of a former president, Adams had a long and distinguished political career both before and after...

Ivan the Great Bell Tower in the Kremlin, Moscow, Russia. Built in 1508. Photo taken in 2004.

Napoleon Bonaparte (1769-1821), Emperor of the French, was one of the most successful military commanders of the modern era. From relatively humble beginnings, he rose to prominence during the tumultuous wars of the French Revolution, ultimately...

French Emperor Napoleon I retreats from Moscow after his disastrous invasion of Russia. Though it has long been said that "General Winter" defeated the French, the failure of Napoleon's invasion of Russia had already occurred by winter's...

Trephination (also known as trepanning or burr holing) is a surgical intervention where a hole is drilled, incised or scraped into the skull using simple surgical tools. In drilling into the skull and removing a piece of the bone, the dura...

Charles Minard's famous 1869 chart detailing the number of men in Napoleon's Grande Armée during his 1812 invasion of Russia; the tan represents the men who invaded Russia itself, while the black represents the retreat from Moscow. The way...

Modern replica of the Russian imperial crown, made as part of the Jewellery project "Creation of Imperial Crown of Russia in modern interpretation" to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the diamond industry in Russia, using white gold (the...

This map illustrates the Russian Empire on the eve of World War I in 1914. Spanning from Eastern Europe to the Pacific Ocean, it was the largest contiguous empire in history. Built through centuries of conquest and colonization, Russia's...

The Red Army of the USSR began the Second World War (1939-45) with a series of shocking defeats, but from late 1942, it rallied and held on to key cities like the capital Moscow, Leningrad (Saint Petersburg), and Stalingrad (Volgograd). Then...

The Mongol invasions of Russia and Eastern Europe occurred first with a brief sortie in 1223 CE and then again in a much larger campaign between 1237 CE and 1242 CE. The Mongols, seemingly coming from nowhere and quickly gaining a reputation...