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Kachina Cult
Definition by James Blake Wiener

Kachina Cult

The Kachina (also “Katsina”) cult refers to the specific religious practices centered on the kachina, which is a spiritual entity and divine messenger of the Puebloan peoples as well as the Hopi, Zuni, Tewa, and Keresan tribes in what is...
Xochicalco
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Xochicalco

Xochicalco in central Mexico was an important hilltop centre from the 8th century CE and was a rival and successor of Teotihuacán. Architecture at the site is closely connected to that of the Classic Maya, Teotihuacan, and Veracruz, and contact...
Fall of Chapultepec 1847
Image by Unknown Artist

Fall of Chapultepec 1847

Storming of Chapultepec in Mexico, Sept. 13th, 1847. Lithograph depicting the US Army's taking of Chapultepec castle, printed by unknown artist, possibly published by James Baillie, ca. 08 February 1848. The Battle of Chapultepec took place...
US Involvement in WWI
Article by Mark Cartwright

US Involvement in WWI - From Isolationism to Military Intervention

The United States remained neutral in the first three years of the First World War (1914-18) but did finally join the conflict at the end of 1917 following the threat of unrestricted submarine warfare on US merchant shipping and a secret...
The Changing Interpretation of the Spanish Conquest in the Americas
Article by Oxford University Press

The Changing Interpretation of the Spanish Conquest in the Americas

The fall in 1519 of Tenochtitlan, the capital of the Mexica or Aztec Empire, as it was later called, laid the foundation for the Spanish colonial empire on the North American mainland. It was the first time that Europeans had subjugated a...
Ten Notorious Dutch Pirates
Article by Mark Cartwright

Ten Notorious Dutch Pirates

While there have been pirates and privateers of all nationalities, some Dutch mariners were particularly troublesome in the early modern period, targeting, in particular, the Spanish Main but also shipping in the eastern Atlantic and the...
Interview: Costa Rica's Jade Museum
Interview by James Blake Wiener

Interview: Costa Rica's Jade Museum

The Jade Museum (Spanish: Museo del Jade y de la Cultura Precolombina) in San José, Costa Rica houses the world's largest collection of ancient jade from the Americas. With nearly 7,000 pieces in its collection, the artifacts at the Museum...
Medieval Climate Anomaly in the Americas
Article by Oxford University Press

Medieval Climate Anomaly in the Americas

To climatologists, the period of seven to twelve centuries ago was known as a "Climate Anomaly" or a "Warm Period" (800-1300 CE). To archaeologists, it was a time of great change, a period when cultural patterns were put into place that lasted...
Templo Mayor
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Templo Mayor - The Aztecs' Greatest Temple

The Templo Mayor or Great Temple (called Hueteocalli by the Aztecs) dominated the central sacred precinct of the Aztec capital Tenochtitlan. Topped by twin temples dedicated to the war god Huitzilopochtli and the rain god Tlaloc it was a...
The Lady of Guadalupe
Image by Daniel Case

The Lady of Guadalupe

The Lady of Guadalupe in the Basilica of Our Lady of Guadalupe, photograph by Daniel Case, Mexico City, 20 July, 2015. Patronness of the Americas in the Catholic tradition, Our Lady of Guadalupe is an image of Mary, Mother of Jesus, that...
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