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Cleopatra Selene II
Definition by Arienne King

Cleopatra Selene II

Cleopatra Selene II (40 - c. 5 BCE) was a member of the Ptolemaic Dynasty who became the queen of Mauretania upon her marriage to King Juba II of Numidia (48 BCE - 23 CE). Though more obscure than her famous mother, Cleopatra VII (69-30 BCE...
Chanakya
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Chanakya

Chanakya (l. c. 350-275 BCE, also known as Kautilya and Vishnugupta) was prime minister under the reign of Chandragupta Maurya (r. c. 321-c.297 BCE), founder of the Mauryan Empire (322-185 BCE). He is best known as the author of the political...
Dido
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Dido - Legendary Queen of Tyre

Queen Dido (aka Elissa, from Elisha, or Alashiya, her Phoenician name) was a legendary Queen of Tyre in Phoenicia who was forced to flee the city with a loyal band of followers. Sailing west across the Mediterranean she founded the city of...
Copper in Antiquity
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Copper in Antiquity

Copper was probably the first metal used by ancient cultures, and the oldest artefacts made with it date to the Neolithic period. The shiny red-brown metal was used for jewellery, tools, sculpture, bells, vessels, lamps, amulets, and death...
Avars
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Avars

The Avars were a confederation of heterogeneous (diverse or varied) people consisting of Rouran, Hephthalites, and Turkic-Oghuric races who migrated to the region of the Pontic Grass Steppe (an area corresponding to modern-day Ukraine, Russia...
Ancient Celtic Sculpture
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Ancient Celtic Sculpture

The sculpture of the ancient Celts between 700 BCE and 400 CE is nothing if not varied as artists across Europe developed their own ideas and borrowed what interested them from neighbouring cultures. Early Celtic stone and wood sculptures...
Silver Spoons from the Cyprus Treasure
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Silver Spoons from the Cyprus Treasure

Each spoon in this matching set has a pear-shaped bowl attached by a small disc to an ornate handle. The bowls are decorated with different leaping animals, including a ram, panther, lion, lioness, stag, bear, boar, bull, hare, horse, and...
Hexagonal Censer from the Cyprus Treasure
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Hexagonal Censer from the Cyprus Treasure

Censers were used for burning incense, which was a popular religious rite in eastern Christian churches. This one would have been suspended on chains, threaded through the holes in the plaques attached to the rim. Each side is decorated with...
Bowl from the Cyprus Treasure
Image by Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin

Bowl from the Cyprus Treasure

This vessel, decorated with Christian imagery may have been used in religious ceremonies. The figure depicted may be the Christian martyr Saint Sergius, a high-ranking soldier who was tortured and executed during the prosecutions of Emperor...
Discovery of Troy
Article by Kim Martins

Discovery of Troy

In his epic poems, the Iliad and the Odyssey, the Greek poet Homer (c. 750 BCE) told the story of the Trojan War, a ten-year siege of the city of Troy by an alliance of Greek city-states. Troy was also known by its Latinised name of Ilium...
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