Holocaust: Did you mean...?

Lieutenant-general Otto Ohlendorf during the Nuremberg trials. Ohlendorf was a German SS commander of Einsatzgruppen D operating on the Eastern Front. He was found guilty of war crimes and hanged in 1951. (United States Holocaust memorial...

Adolf Eichmann (1906-62) during his confinement prior to his trial for war crimes in Israel in 1961-2. Eichmann had been a senior member of the SS and a key figure in the transportation of Jewish people to Nazi death camps during the Holocaust...

A c. 1942 photograph of Adolf Eichmann (1906-62), a senior member of the SS and a key figure in the transportation of Jewish people to Nazi death camps during the Holocaust.

Adolf Hitler (1889-1945) was the dictator of Nazi Germany from 1933. He gained power by making popular promises like improving Germany's economy and status in Europe, but when he took these policies too far, he was responsible more than anything...

The Enlightenment (Age of Reason) was a revolution in thought in Europe and North America from the late 17th century to the late 18th century. The Enlightenment involved new approaches in philosophy, science, and politics. Above all, the...

Josef Mengele (1911-1979) was a Nazi doctor who performed horrific pseudo-scientific experiments on detainees in the Auschwitz concentration camp where he was a medical officer from 1943 to 1945. Thousands of Mengele's victims endured bizarre...

Aryan is a designation originally meaning “civilized”, “noble”, or “free” without reference to any ethnicity. It was first applied as a self-identifying term by a migratory group of people from Central Asia later known as Indo-Iranians (who...

The Nuremberg Laws of September 1935 were a set of racial laws which set out a number of restrictions on Jewish people such as depriving them of the right to German citizenship and right to marry non-Jews. Amendments to the laws then defined...

The September Massacres refers to a series of mass killings that took place in the prisons of Paris between 2 and 7 September 1792, during the French Revolution (1789-99). Sometimes known as the first Terror, the massacres saw between 1,100...

The term Kabbalah refers specifically to the form of Jewish mysticism that became widespread in the Middle Ages. However, in recent decades it has essentially become a generic term for the entirety of Jewish mystical thought. Literally meaning...