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The Great Wall of China in Snow
A section of the Great Wall of China just north of Beijing. The wall was begun in the 7th century BCE and significantly extended by the Ch'in emperor Qin Shi Huangdi from 220 to 210 BCE.
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Watchtower at the Great Wall of China
The Great Wall of China was begun during the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE) but little of that original wall is left. The wall that people recognize today is largely from the Ming Dynasty (1368-1662 CE) which built the distinctive watchtowers...
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View From the Top of the Great Wall of China
The Great Wall of China, begun during the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE), is one of the New Seven Wonders of the World but was not one of the ancient seven wonders, even though many people think so. Further, the Great Wall cannot be seen from...
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City Wall of Stone & Opus Caementicium, Roman Empuries (Detail)
A section of the Roman city-wall of Empuries, Spain. 1st century BCE. The base of the wall was made using calcareous rock while the upper portion is of Roman concrete (opus caementicium).
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City Wall, Empuries
A section of the Roman city-wall of Empuries (Emporiae), Spain. 1st century BCE. The base of the wall was made using calcareous rock while the upper portion is of Roman concrete (opus caementicium).
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Opus Reticulatum Wall, Pompeii
A portion of Roman opus reticulatum wall in Pompeii.
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Fortifications in Ancient Chinese Warfare
While ancient Chinese warfare was often characterised by large armies in pitched battles, siege warfare and the sacking of cities were also regular features. Huge earth walls with towers and encircling ditches or moats became the normal strategy...
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Visitor’s Guide to Carsulae (San Damiano)
Carsulae in Umbria, central Italy, was founded c. 300 BCE and only became a prosperous urban centre after it was connected by the Via Flaminia towards the end of the 3rd century BCE. It was granted the status of municipium and acquired a...
Interview
Interview: Conquering the Ocean by Richard Hingley
In this interview, World History Encyclopedia sits down with author Richard Hingly to chat about his new book Conquering the Ocean: The Roman Invasion of Britain published by Oxford University Press. Kelly: Do you want to tell us a bit about...
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Visitor's Guide to Ancient Dion
Dion is located at the foot of Mount Olympus in the north of Greece, in what would have been ancient Macedon. It takes its name from the most important Macedonian sanctuary dedicated to Zeus ("Dios” meaning "of Zeus”). Legend claims this...