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Amerigo Vespucci
Image by Panagiotis Constantinou

Amerigo Vespucci

Amerigo Vespucci was a brave, Italian merchant, explorer, and navigator from the Republic of Florence, from whose name the term "America" is derived.
Map of the Voyages of Amerigo Vespucci,  1499-1502
Image by Simeon Netchev

Map of the Voyages of Amerigo Vespucci, 1499-1502

Amerigo Vespucci’s transatlantic voyages (1499–1502) took place during the height of the European Age of Exploration, when Spanish and Portuguese navigators were competing to chart new routes across the Atlantic. Vespucci, a Florentine navigator...
Christopher Columbus
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Christopher Columbus

Christopher Columbus (l. 1451-1506 CE, also known as Cristoffa Corombo in Ligurian and Cristoforo Colombo in Italian) was a Genoese explorer (identified as Italian) who became famous in his own time as the man who discovered the New World...
Portuguese Brazil
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Portuguese Brazil

With a wealth of natural resources, Brazil was by far the most important colony in the Portuguese empire and was, at one time or another, the world’s leading producer of sugar, diamonds, and tobacco. Colonised from the 1530s, most settlements...
Astrolabe
Definition by Mark Cartwright

Astrolabe

The astrolabe is an astronomical instrument used from around the 6th century to measure time and position by determining the altitude of heavenly bodies like the Sun and certain stars. Measurements were taken in reference to the viewer's...
Periplus of the Erythraean Sea
Definition by James Hancock

Periplus of the Erythraean Sea

The Periplus of the Erythraean Sea is an eyewitness account of ancient travel to Africa and India via the Red Sea written by an unknown Greek-speaking Egyptian author in the 1st century CE. In this detailed account, the conditions of the...
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