Death and the Afterlife in the Ancient World

Celebrate Our Anniversary with Trivia!

Join us on August 23 for a free virtual trivia party featuring questions about ancient civilizations, U.S. history, unusual historical facts, pop culture, and more.

$281 / $5000
Joshua J. Mark
by
published on
bookmark_addbookmark_addedSave Collection

Belief in an afterlife was common in the ancient world, as it is today, and each culture created its own unique vision of the land that existed beyond the grave. Even with their differences, there are many similarities, including a concept of judgment for the deeds done in life and how well one had lived.

The following collection presents a brief survey of some of these beliefs. Many aspects of the ancient systems will be familiar, and some of the topics below – the Cheyenne afterlife, ghosts in ancient China, and The Tibetan Book of the Dead – address living belief systems in the present day.

Articles & Definitions

Egyptian Afterlife - The Field of Reeds
Article

Egyptian Afterlife - The Field of Reeds

The ancient Egyptians believed that life on earth was only one part of an eternal journey which ended, not...
Ancient Mesopotamian Beliefs in the Afterlife
Article

Ancient Mesopotamian Beliefs in the Afterlife

Unlike the rich corpus of ancient Egyptian funerary texts, no such “guidebooks” from Mesopotamia detail...
The After-Life In Ancient Greece
Article

The After-Life In Ancient Greece

In ancient Greece the continued existence of the dead depended on their constant remembrance by the living. It was...
Death and the Afterlife in Ancient Persia
Article

Death and the Afterlife in Ancient Persia

A vision of the afterlife is articulated by every culture, ancient or modern, in an effort to answer the question...
Roman Household Spirits: Manes, Panes and Lares
Article

Roman Household Spirits: Manes, Panes and Lares

To the ancient Romans, everything was imbued with a divine spirit (numen, plural: numina) which gave...
Death, Burial & the Afterlife in the Ancient Celtic Religion
Article

Death, Burial & the Afterlife in the Ancient Celtic Religion

The ancient Celts who occupied large parts of Europe from 700 BCE to 400 CE displayed a clear...
Tomb
Definition

Tomb - Home of the Dead

A tomb is an enclosed space for the repository of the remains of the dead. Traditionally tombs have been located in caves...
Cheyenne Afterlife
Article

Cheyenne Afterlife

The Cheyenne afterlife is envisioned as a continuation of life on earth. The spirit leaves the body and travels the long road...
Ghosts in Ancient China
Article

Ghosts in Ancient China

Ghost stories were the earliest form of literature in ancient China. They were almost certainly part of a very old oral...
Norse Ghosts & the Afterlife
Article

Norse Ghosts & the Afterlife

The best-known vision of the Norse afterlife is that of Valhalla, the hall of the heroes where warriors chosen by the...
Ghosts in the Middle Ages
Article

Ghosts in the Middle Ages

The medieval Church informed the people's religious imagination during the Middle Ages (c. 476-1500) and the world was...
Tibetan Book of the Dead
Definition

Tibetan Book of the Dead

The Tibetan Book of the Dead is the English translation of the Tibetan texts known as bar-do thos-grol (Bardo Thodol) –...

Illustrations

Questions & Answers

Did all ancient civilizations believe in the afterlife?

Yes. All ancient civilizations show evidence of a belief in life after death.

Are all the ancient views of the afterlife the same?

No. There are some similarities between the dreary afterlife of Mesopotamia and that of Greece and Rome, but these are quite different from the view of Egypt or of the Cheyenne, where the afterlife is a mirror image of life on earth, or from the Persian, Norse, and Chinese views.

Why were funerary rites so important to ancient civilizations?

Funerary rites were important because they encouraged social cohesion through shared belief and the observance of traditional rituals.

What is the most common reason for a haunting according to ancient civilizations?

The most common reason for haunting was improper funerary rites or, worse, no rites at all. The spirit could not rest without a proper burial according to set traditions.
Subscribe to this author

About the Author

Free for the World, Supported by You

World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. Please support free history education for millions of learners worldwide for only $5 per month by becoming a member. Thank you!

World History Encyclopedia is a non-profit organization. Please support free history education for millions of learners worldwide for only $5 per month by becoming a member. Thank you!

Become a Member  

Support Us Remove Ads