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Italian Colonialism in Eritrea
Eritrea, located on the Red Sea coast of the Horn of Africa, was the ‘firstborn’ colony of Italy. The potential of a trade centre and naval base at Assab first attracted Italian interests in 1869. The Kingdom of Italy, however, did not officially...

Definition
Napoleon's Italian Campaign
The Italian campaign of 1796-1797, waged by a young Napoleon Bonaparte, was a decisive campaign in the French Revolutionary Wars (1792-1802). It led to the defeat of Austria, the beginning of French control of northern Italy, and the end...

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Nemuro Peninsula Chashi
The Nemuro Peninsula Chashi Sites are a series of hilltop fortifications built by the Ainu. The earthen palisades were built between the 16th and 18th Century, and are associated with the 1789 Menashi–Kunashir rebellion. Hokkaidō, Japan.

Definition
Operation Compass
Operation Compass (9 Dec 1940 to 7 Feb 1941) was an Allied offensive in North Africa, which pushed Italian forces out of Egypt and then Cyrenaica (Eastern Libya). The Allied Western Desert Force, led by Lieutenant-General Richard O'Connor...

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The Iberian Peninsula, c. 1000 CE
A map of the Iberian peninsula c. 1000 CE showing the divide between the Muslim Caliphate of Cordoba in the south and the Christian kingdoms in the north.

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View from the Dingle Peninsula, County Kerry, Ireland
View from a stretch of the Dingle Peninsula, County Kerry, Ireland.

Definition
Italy
The Italian Peninsula or Apennine Peninsula is one of the three peninsulas of Southern Europe (the other two being the Iberian Peninsula and Balkan Peninsula), spanning 1,000 km from the Po Valley in the north to the central Mediterranean...

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The Taifa Kingdoms of the Iberian Peninsula, 1031-1086
This map shows the fractured landscape of al-Andalus following the collapse of the Umayyad Caliphate of Córdoba in 1031. Dozens of independent Muslim-ruled states, called taifas (from the Arabic for "party" or "faction"), rose from the ruins—engaged...

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The Korean Peninsula and the Japanese Archipelago, 3rd-6th century CE
Map of Pen/Insular states and potential centres in the 3rd–6th centuries CE.

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The Italian Empire in 1942 - The Spatial and Political Dimensions of Italian Imperialism
This map illustrates the extent of the Italian Colonial Empire, established during the era of New Imperialism as Italy sought to assert itself alongside the great powers of Europe. Driven by both economic ambitions and national pride, the...