--- title: 大夏国（Bactria） author: Jan van der Crabben translator: Vincent Weng source: https://www.worldhistory.org/trans/zh/1-291/bactria/ format: machine-readable-alternate license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) updated: 2021-06-28 --- # 大夏国（Bactria） _作者： [Jan van der Crabben](https://www.worldhistory.org/user/jvdc/)_ _译者： [Vincent Weng](https://www.worldhistory.org/user/vincentweng)_ [](https://www.worldhistory.org/trans/zh/1-22386/)[](https://www.worldhistory.org/trans/zh/2-2409/)大夏（Bactria）是古波斯王国的一个省，位于今天的阿富汗、乌兹别克斯坦和塔吉克斯坦左右的位置。 在亚历山大帝打败了波斯的大流士三世以后，在贝索斯（Bessus）的带领下大夏保持着对亚历山大的顽强抵抗，并声称自己是大流士的接替者。在许多当地军队的帮助下，亚历山大终于艰难地在公元前329-327年完成了对大夏的征服。为了巩固本地的统治，亚历山大帝娶了一位叫罗克珊（Roxanne）本地女人。 亚历山大帝死后，大夏成为塞琉古帝国的一部分。由于塞琉古帝国的国王们饱受着埃及托勒密二世的袭击，大夏的总督（satrap）迪奥多图斯得以趁机宣告独立（公元前255年左右），并且得以征服北边的栗特国，从而建立了印度-希腊王国（Indo-Greek Kingdom）。 #### Editorial Review This human-authored definition has been reviewed by our editorial team before publication to ensure accuracy, reliability and adherence to academic standards in accordance with our [editorial policy](https://www.worldhistory.org/static/editorial-policy/). ## 关于作者 Jan是世界历史百科全书（本网站）的创始人和CEO，带领着这个非盈利公司去实现自己的激发人们对文化传统的兴趣和提升世界历史教育的使命。Jan拥有英国国王学院的战争研究的硕士学位。 - [Linkedin Profile](https://www.linkedin.com/in/janvdc) ## 时间轴 - **Jan 329 BCE - May 327 BCE**: [Alexander](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/Alexander/) conquers [Bactria](https://www.worldhistory.org/Bactria/) and [Sogdiana](https://www.worldhistory.org/sogdiana/). - **c. Mar 327 BCE**: [Alexander the Great](https://www.worldhistory.org/Alexander_the_Great/) marries the Bactrian girl [Roxanne](https://www.worldhistory.org/Roxanne/). - **293 BCE**: [Antiochos](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/antiochos/) is appointed vice-king of the Upper-Satrapies by his father [Seleucus I Nicator](https://www.worldhistory.org/Seleucos_I/). - **c. 280 BCE**: Incursion of northern nomads ([Sakas](https://www.worldhistory.org/Scythians/)) on [Seleucid](https://www.worldhistory.org/Seleucid_Empire/) territories. - **250 BCE**: Former [satrap](https://www.worldhistory.org/Persian_Governor/) [Diodotos](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/diodotos/) rebels against [Seleucid](https://www.worldhistory.org/Seleucid_Empire/) king [Antiochos](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/antiochos/) I, creating the [Greco-Bactrian kingdom](https://www.worldhistory.org/Greco-Bactria/). - **c. 230 BCE**: [Diodotos](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/diodotos/) II is overthrown by Euthydemos. Beginning of the [Euthydemid](https://www.worldhistory.org/euthydemid/) dynasty. - **208 BCE - 206 BCE**: Siege of Bactra by [Antiochos](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/antiochos/) III. - **c. 200 BCE - c. 100 BCE**: [Scythians](https://www.worldhistory.org/Scythians/) tribes migrate into [Bactria](https://www.worldhistory.org/Bactria/), [Sogdiana](https://www.worldhistory.org/sogdiana/) and Arachosia. - **c. 180 BCE - 80 BCE**: Period of [Indo-Greek](https://www.worldhistory.org/Indo-Greek/) rule in the [Gandhara](https://www.worldhistory.org/Gandhara_Civilization/) region. - **145 BCE**: Murder of [Eucratides](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/Eucratides/) by his son. Weakening of the [Greco-Bactrian kingdom](https://www.worldhistory.org/Greco-Bactria/). - **c. 145 BCE**: [Eucratidia](https://www.worldhistory.org/Eucratidia/) is taken by the [Sakas](https://www.worldhistory.org/Scythians/). - **c. 139 BCE**: [Eucratidia](https://www.worldhistory.org/Eucratidia/) is looted to the ground by the Yuezhei. - **c. 130 BCE**: The Yuezhei take control of [Bactria](https://www.worldhistory.org/Bactria/). ## 外部链接 - [List of Rulers of the Ancient Greek World | Lists of Rulers | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art](https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/gkru/hd_gkru.htm) ## 引用本文 ### APA Crabben, J. v. d. (2021, June 28). 大夏国（Bactria）. (V. Weng, 翻译). *World History Encyclopedia*. ### Chicago Crabben, Jan van der. "大夏国（Bactria）." 翻译： Vincent Weng. *World History Encyclopedia*, June 28, 2021. . ### MLA Crabben, Jan van der. "大夏国（Bactria）." 翻译： Vincent Weng. *World History Encyclopedia*, 28 Jun 2021, . ## 许可与版权 提交人： [Vincent Weng](https://www.worldhistory.org/user/vincentweng/ "User Page: Vincent Weng"), 发表于 28 June 2021. 请查阅原始来源以获取版权信息。 请注意，从本页面链接的内容可能具有不同的许可条款。