---
title: Baktria
author: Jan van der Crabben
translator: Amir Zayyanid
source: https://www.worldhistory.org/trans/ms/1-291/baktria/
format: machine-readable-alternate
license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/)
updated: 2020-05-08
---

# Baktria

Ditulis oleh [Jan van der Crabben](https://www.worldhistory.org/user/jvdc/)_
Diterjemahkan oleh [Amir Zayyanid](https://www.worldhistory.org/user/amirzayyanid)_

Baktria merupakan sebuah wilayah naungan Empayar Parsi yang terletak di Afghanistan, Uzbekistan, dan Tajikistan moden.

Selepas kekalahan yang dialami oleh Darius III si raja Parsi, Baktria terus-menerus memberikan penentangan terhadap Alexander Agung, dengan diketuai oleh Bessus, tokoh yang mengisytiharkan dirinya sebagai pengganti Darius. Walau menghadapi banyak kesukaran, Alexander berjaya menakluki Baktria pada tahun 329-327 SM, menerusi campur tangan pasukan tentera bantuan tempatan. Ketika berada di sana, Alexander mengahwini seorang wanita Baktria, iaitu Roxanne, bagi mengukuhkan lagi kekuasaannya di wilayah itu.

Selepas kemangkatan Alexander, Baktria menjadi sebahagian daripada Empayar Seleucid. Ancaman demi ancaman yang perlu ditangani oleh raja-raja Seleucid dan serangan-serangan yang dilancarkan oleh Ptolemy II dari Mesir ke atas empayar berkenaan memberikan peluang kepada Diodotus, *satrap* yang mentadbir Baktria, untuk mengisytiharkan kemerdekaan (sekitar tahun 255 SM) dan menakluk Sogdiana seterusnya menubuhkan Kerajaan Indo-Yunani.

#### Editorial Review

This human-authored definition has been reviewed by our editorial team before publication to ensure accuracy, reliability and adherence to academic standards in accordance with our [editorial policy](https://www.worldhistory.org/static/editorial-policy/).

## Darihal Penulis

Jan is the Founder & Chairman of World History Encyclopedia and is the organisation's Director of Design & Technology. He holds an MA War Studies from King's College, and he has worked in the field of history-related digital media since 2006.
- [Linkedin Profile](https://www.linkedin.com/in/janvdc)

## Garis masa

- **Jan 329 BCE - May 327 BCE**: [Alexander](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/Alexander/) conquers [Bactria](https://www.worldhistory.org/Bactria/) and [Sogdiana](https://www.worldhistory.org/sogdiana/).
- **c. Mar 327 BCE**: [Alexander the Great](https://www.worldhistory.org/Alexander_the_Great/) marries the Bactrian girl [Roxanne](https://www.worldhistory.org/Roxanne/).
- **293 BCE**: [Antiochos](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/antiochos/) is appointed vice-king of the Upper-Satrapies by his father [Seleucus I Nicator](https://www.worldhistory.org/Seleucos_I/).
- **c. 280 BCE**: Incursion of northern nomads ([Sakas](https://www.worldhistory.org/Scythians/)) on [Seleucid](https://www.worldhistory.org/Seleucid_Empire/) territories.
- **250 BCE**: Former [satrap](https://www.worldhistory.org/Persian_Governor/) [Diodotos](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/diodotos/) rebels against [Seleucid](https://www.worldhistory.org/Seleucid_Empire/) king [Antiochos](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/antiochos/) I, creating the [Greco-Bactrian kingdom](https://www.worldhistory.org/Greco-Bactria/).
- **c. 230 BCE**: [Diodotos](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/diodotos/) II is overthrown by Euthydemos. Beginning of the [Euthydemid](https://www.worldhistory.org/euthydemid/) dynasty.
- **208 BCE - 206 BCE**: Siege of Bactra by [Antiochos](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/antiochos/) III.
- **c. 200 BCE - c. 100 BCE**: [Scythians](https://www.worldhistory.org/Scythians/) tribes migrate into [Bactria](https://www.worldhistory.org/Bactria/), [Sogdiana](https://www.worldhistory.org/sogdiana/) and Arachosia.
- **c. 180 BCE - 80 BCE**: Period of [Indo-Greek](https://www.worldhistory.org/Indo-Greek/) rule in the [Gandhara](https://www.worldhistory.org/Gandhara_Civilization/) region.
- **145 BCE**: Murder of [Eucratides](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/Eucratides/) by his son. Weakening of the [Greco-Bactrian kingdom](https://www.worldhistory.org/Greco-Bactria/).
- **c. 145 BCE**: [Eucratidia](https://www.worldhistory.org/Eucratidia/) is taken by the [Sakas](https://www.worldhistory.org/Scythians/).
- **c. 139 BCE**: [Eucratidia](https://www.worldhistory.org/Eucratidia/) is looted to the ground by the Yuezhei.
- **c. 130 BCE**: The Yuezhei take control of [Bactria](https://www.worldhistory.org/Bactria/).

## Pautan Luaran

- [List of Rulers of the Ancient Greek World | Lists of Rulers | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art](https://www.metmuseum.org/toah/hd/gkru/hd_gkru.htm)

## Petik Karya Ini

### APA
Crabben, J. v. d. (2020, May 08). Baktria. (A. Zayyanid, Penerjemah). *World History Encyclopedia*. <https://www.worldhistory.org/trans/ms/1-291/baktria/>
### Chicago
Crabben, Jan van der. "Baktria." Diterjemahkan oleh Amir Zayyanid. *World History Encyclopedia*, May 08, 2020. <https://www.worldhistory.org/trans/ms/1-291/baktria/>.
### MLA
Crabben, Jan van der. "Baktria." Diterjemahkan oleh Amir Zayyanid. *World History Encyclopedia*, 08 May 2020, <https://www.worldhistory.org/trans/ms/1-291/baktria/>.

## Lesen &amp; Hak Cipta

Dihantar oleh [Amir Zayyanid](https://www.worldhistory.org/user/amirzayyanid/ "User Page: Amir Zayyanid"), disiarkan pada 08 May 2020. Sila semak sumber asal untuk maklumat hak cipta. Sila ambil perhatian bahawa kandungan yang dipautkan dari halaman ini mungkin mempunyai terma lesen yang berbeza.