--- title: Antički Rim author: Joshua J. Mark translator: Dubravka Maric source: https://www.worldhistory.org/trans/hr/1-68/anticki-rim/ format: machine-readable-alternate license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) updated: 2021-04-22 --- # Antički Rim Autor [Joshua J. Mark](https://www.worldhistory.org/user/JPryst/)_ Preveo [Dubravka Maric](https://www.worldhistory.org/user/dubravka_maric)_ Prema legendi antički utemeljila su dva brata – polubogovi Romul I Rem 21. travnja 753. g. prije Krista. Prema legendi, u raspravi tko će vladati gradom (ili prema drugoj verziji, oko toga gdje će grad biti) Romul je ubio Rema I grad nazvao po sebi. To je najpoznatija priča o postanku Rima, no nije I jedina. Druge legende kazuju da je grad dobio ime prema ženi imenom Roma, koja je putovala s Enejom I ostalim preživjelima nakon pada Troje. Pristavši uz obale Tibera Roma i ostale žene usprotivile su se odluci muškaraca da nastave put. Roma je predvodila žene u paljenju brodova iz trojanskog rata te su preživjeli zastali na mjestu koje će kasnije postati Rim. U toj legendi, kao i u Virgilijevoj Eneidi, Eneja se pojavljuje kao utemeljitelj Rima i predak Romula i Rema, I time povezao Rim s nekadašnjim sjajem i moći Troje. Ostale teorije govore o tome da ime potiče od *Rumona*, starog imena rijeke Tibar, i da je se tako zvalo malo trgovište utemeljeno na obalama, odnosno o tome da ime potiče od etruščanske riječi koja označava jedno od naselja. ### Postanak Rima Isprva mali grad na obalama Tibera, Rim je rano počeo rasti I jačati kroz trgovinu. Položaj Rima omogućavao je trgovcima lako plovni put njihovu trgovinu. Gradom je vladalo sedam kraljeva, od Romula do Tarkvinija, te je rastao I postajao sve snažniji. Grčka kultura i civilizacija, koje su u Rim došle preko grčkih kolonija na jugu, ponudile su prvim Rimljanima model za izgradnju vlastite kulture. Od Grka su preuzeli pismenost i vjeru te temelje arhitekture. Etruščani na sjeveru nudili su model trgovine i gradske raskoši. Položaj je Etrurije pogodovao trgovini a prvi Rimljani su vještine trgovine naučili na etruščanskom primjeru ili su ih Etruščani izravno podučavali koji su izvršili upade u područje oko Rima negdje između 650. i 600. Pr. Kr .(iako se njihov utjecaj osjetio mnogo ranije) . Raspravlja se o opsegu uloge etrurske civilizacije u razvoju rimske kulture i društva, ali čini se da nema sumnje da su oni imali značajan utjecaj u ranoj fazi. Od samog su početka Rimljani iskazivali dar za posuđivanje i nadograđivanje na vještine i zamisli drugih kultura. Rimsko kraljevstvo između 8.i 6. stoljeća prije Krista brzo je raslo iz trgovačkog grada u prosperitetan grad. Kada je 509. pr. Kr. svrgnut posljednji od sedam rimskih kraljeva, Tarkvinije Oholi njegov je suparnik Lucije Junije Brut reformirao sustav vlasti i uspostavio Rimsku republiku. ### Rat i ekspanzija Iako je grad u prvim godinama prosperitet dugovao trgovini, tek je ratovanjem postao moćnom silom antičkoga svijeta. Ratovi sa sjevernoafričkim gradom Kartagom (Punski ratovi 264.-194. pr. Kr.) učvrstili su njegovu moć I doprinosili bogaćenju I sve većem ugledu. Rim i Kartaga bili su trgovinski suparnici u zapadnom Mediteranu te je porazivši Kartagu Rim stekao gotovo apsolutnu prevlast u regiji, mada je bilo još upada gusara,koji su Rimu onemogućavali potpun nadzor nad morem. Dok je Rimska republika bivala sve snažnija i uglednija, grad Rim osjećao je posljedice korupcije, pohlepe i pretjeranog oslanjanja na rad uvezenih robova. Bande nezaposlenih žitelja Rima koji su posao izgubili zbog priljeva uvezenih robova iz osvojenih zemalja za naknadu su izvršavale naloge bogatih senatora. Bogata elita grada, patriciji, bogatili su se na teret niže radne klase, plebejaca. Bogata elita – patriciji - bogatili su se na račun niže klase, plebejaca. [ ![Map of 2nd Century Roman Expansion](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/131.gif?v=1739407145) Karta rimske ekspanzije iz 2. stoljeća US Military Academy (Public Domain) ](https://www.worldhistory.org/image/131/map-of-2nd-century-roman-expansion/ "Map of 2nd Century Roman Expansion")U 2. stoljeću pr. Kr. braća Tiberije i Gaj Grakho, dva rimska tribuna, vodili su pokret za zemljišnu I općenito političku reformu . Obojica su zbog toga izgubila život, no njihovo djelovanje ipak je potaknulo zakonodavne reforme, te je razuzdana korupcija rimskog Senata bila suzbijena ili su barem senatori svoje koruptivne aktivnosti barem bolje prikrivali). Do Prvog trijumvirata i grad i Republika Rim cvali su. ### Republika Unatoč svemu Rim se našao klasno podijeljen. Vladajuća klasa nazvala se *optimatima* (“najbolji”) dok su se niže klase I oni koji su ih podupirali zvali *populari*. Ta imena su se jednostavno prišivala onima koji su dijelili određenu političku ideologiju; nije bilo političkih stranaka u današnjem smislu, niti su svi iz vladajuće klase bili optimati niti svi iz niže klase *populari*. Općenito, optimati su se držali tradicionalnih političkih I društvenih vrijednosti, koje su potvrđivale moć rimskog Senata te prestiž i superiornost vladajuće klase. Pučani su, općenito govoreći favorizirali reformu i demokratizaciju rimske republike. Te dvije suprotstavljene ideologije sukobljavale su se, kao što je poznato, kroz tri čovjeka koji su, i nehotice, okončali republiku. Marko Licinije Kras i njegov politički suparnik Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus (Veliki Pompej) udružio se s drugim, mlađim političarem Gajem Julijem Cezarom, te su oformili Prvi trijumvirat (što je suvremeni pojam, koji ni tadašnji Rimljani ni sama tri člana trijumvirata nikad nisu koristili). I Kras i Pompej pristajali su uz *optimate*, dok je Cezar bio s *popularima*. Trojica članova Trijumvirata bili su podjednako ambiciozni i, boreći se za vlast, uspjeli su držati jedni druge pod nadzorom, istovremeno radeći na napretku jačanju Rima. Kras je bio najbogatiji čovjek Rima i korumpiran do te mjere da je prisiljavao bogate građane da mu plaćaju naknadu za sigurnost. Kada bi građanin platio, Kras mu ne bi spalio kuću, no ako ne bi, Kras bi dao zapaliti vatru i iznuđivao novac za gašenje požara. Iako je iza toga bila sve prije nego plemenita namjera, Kras je time zapravo dao poticaj formiranju prve vatrogasne postrojbe, što se pokazalo kao vrlo korisno za Rim. I Pompej i Cezar bili su sposobni generali koji su svojim osvajanjima obogatili Rim. Iako je bio najbogatiji čovjek u Rimu (a prema tvrdnjama i najbogatiji u cijeloj povijesti Rima), Kras je žudio za poštovanjem kakvo su uživali Pompej i Cezar zahvaljujući vojnim uspjesima. Godine 53. pr. Kr e. Kras je vodio značajnu silu protiv Parta i poražen u bitci kod Harana, u današnjoj Turskoj, gdje je nakon neuspjelih mirovnih pregovora ubijen. [ ![Julius Caesar](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/500x600/2737.jpg?v=1773346218) Julije Cezar Georges Jansoone (CC BY-NC-SA) ](https://www.worldhistory.org/image/2737/julius-caesar/ "Julius Caesar")Julije Cezar Nakon odlaska Krasa Prvi trijumvirat se raspao a Pompej i Cezar objavili su jedan drugome rat. Pompej je legalnim putem nastojao eliminirati suparnika te je privolio Senat da naredi Cezaru da dođe u Rim radi suđenja zbog urote. No umjesto da se ponizno vrati u Rim i suoči s optužbama, Cezar je 49. g. pr. Kr. s vojskom prešao Rubikon i doveo je u Rim. Odbio je odgovarati za optužbe i usmjerio svoje djelovanje na to da eliminira Pompeja. Njih dvojica susrela su se u bitci kod Farsala u Grčkoj 48. g. pr. Krista, kada je Cezar iako s brojčanom manjim snagama porazio jače Pompejeve snage. Pompej je pobjegao u Egipat, gdje se nadao skloniti, no nakon dolaska je ubijen. Vijesti o veličanstvenoj pobjedi nad moćnim snagama kod Farsala brzo su se proširile a mnogi bivši Pompejevi prijatelji I saveznici brzo su se priklonili Cezaru, vjerujući da su mu bogovi skloni. ### Ususret Carstvu Julije Cezar bio je sada najmoćniji čovjek Rima. Navevši Senat da ga proglasi diktatorom doveo je do kraja razdoblje Republike. Uživao je golemu popularnost među ljudima, i njegova nastojanja da uspostavi jaku I stabilnu središnju vlast dodatno su ojačala grad Rim. No to je bio i povod grupi rimskih senatora da ga ubiju 44. g. p. Kr. Urotnici, među kojima I Brut i Kasije, bojali da Cezar postaje previše moćan te da bi na kraju mogao ukinuti Senat. Nakon njegove smrti, njegova desna ruka i rođak Marko Antonije te Cezarov nećak i nasljednik Gaj Oktavije Turinus (Oktavijan) te Cezarovim prijateljem Markom Emilijem Lepidom, te su pobijedili snage Bruta i Kasija u bitci kod Filipa 42. Pr. Kr. [ ![Division of the Second Triumvirate](https://www.worldhistory.org/img/r/p/750x750/4951.png?v=1776682640) Podjela Drugog trijumvirata ColdEl (CC BY-SA) ](https://www.worldhistory.org/image/4951/division-of-the-second-triumvirate/ "Division of the Second Triumvirate")Podjela drugog Trijumvirata Oktavije, Antonije Lepid činili su Drugi trijumvirat, ali kao i u Prvom trijumviratu sva su trojica bila jednako ambiciozna. Lepid je zapravo neutraliziran kad su se Antonije I Oktavije dogovorili da Lepid vlada Hispanijom i Afriko i na taj način ga držali podalje igara moći u Rimu. Dogovorili su se da Oktavijan vlada rimskim zemljama na zapadu a Antonije na istoku. Antonijeva romansa s egipatskom kraljicom Kleopatrom VII. poremetila je ravnotežu koju je Oktavijan nastojao održavati te je došlo do sukoba njim dvojice. Združene snage Antonija i Kleopatre poražene su kod Akcija 31.g. pr. Kr., nakon čega su si njih dvoje oduzeli život. Oktavijan je postao jedini moćnik Rima. Godine 27. pr. Kr Senat mu je dodijelio izvanredne ovlasti te je uzeo naziv “Augustus” kao prvi rimski car. Povjesničari se slažu oko toga da time prestaje povijest grada Rima a počinje povijest Rimskog carstva. #### Editorial Review This human-authored definition has been reviewed by our editorial team before publication to ensure accuracy, reliability and adherence to academic standards in accordance with our [editorial policy](https://www.worldhistory.org/static/editorial-policy/). ## O autoru Joshua J. Mark is World History Encyclopedia's co-founder and Content Director. He was previously a professor at Marist College (NY) where he taught history, philosophy, literature, and writing. He has traveled extensively and lived in Greece and Germany. - [Linkedin Profile](https://www.linkedin.com/pub/joshua-j-mark/38/614/339) ## Vremenska crta - **753 BCE**: The legendary founding date of [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). - **753 BCE - 510 BCE**: Regal Period of ancient [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/) from Founding to Birth of the Republic. - **750 BCE - 510 BCE**: The (semi-mythological) seven kings of [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/): [Romulus](https://www.worldhistory.org/Romulus_and_Remus/), Numa Pompilius, Tulus Hostilius, Ancus Marcius, Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, Servius Tullius, [Lucius Tarquinius Superbus](https://www.worldhistory.org/Lucius_Tarquinius_Superbus/). - **c. 620 BCE**: Posible founding date for [Ostia](https://www.worldhistory.org/Ostia/), the port of [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). - **599 BCE - 500 BCE**: The traditional date when the [Circus Maximus](https://www.worldhistory.org/Circus_Maximus/) of [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/) is first laid out. - **534 BCE - 510 BCE**: Reign of [Lucius Tarquinius Superbus](https://www.worldhistory.org/Lucius_Tarquinius_Superbus/), last king of [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). - **510 BCE - 509 BCE**: First treaty between [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/) and [Carthage](https://www.worldhistory.org/carthage/). - **509 BCE**: Foundation of the [Roman Republic](https://www.worldhistory.org/Roman_Republic/). - **c. 508 BCE**: [Lars Porsenna](https://www.worldhistory.org/Lars_Porsenna/), [Etruscan](https://www.worldhistory.org/Etruscan_Civilization/) king of [Chiusi](https://www.worldhistory.org/Chiusi/), lays siege to [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). - **504 BCE**: Migration of Claudii from Sabine lands to [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). - **c. 499 BCE**: [Battle](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/battle/) of Lake Regillus between [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/) and the Latin League. - **c. 497 BCE**: The first [temple](https://www.worldhistory.org/temple/) dedicated to [Saturn](https://www.worldhistory.org/Saturn/) is constructed in the [Forum Romanum](https://www.worldhistory.org/Roman_Forum/) of [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). - **495 BCE**: [Lucius Tarquinius Superbus](https://www.worldhistory.org/Lucius_Tarquinius_Superbus/), last king of [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/), dies in exile at Cumae. - **495 BCE**: A [temple](https://www.worldhistory.org/temple/) is built in honour of Mercury near [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/)'s [Circus Maximus](https://www.worldhistory.org/Circus_Maximus/). - **494 BCE**: Traditional date the office of the tribuni plebis is created in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). - **493 BCE**: Foedus Cassianus - treaty by Spurius Cassius Vecellinus with the Latin League after the [Battle](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/battle/) of Lake Regillus. - **484 BCE**: The first [temple](https://www.worldhistory.org/temple/) of the [Dioscuri](https://www.worldhistory.org/Castor_and_Pollux/) (Castor & Pollux) is dedicated in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/)'s [Forum Romanum](https://www.worldhistory.org/Roman_Forum/) by Aulus Postumius following his victory over the Latins at the [Battle](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/battle/) of Lake Regillus. - **451 BCE - 450 BCE**: Decemvirate and Publication of [Twelve Tables](https://www.worldhistory.org/Twelve_Tables/) of [Roman Law](https://www.worldhistory.org/Roman_Law/). - **c. 400 BCE**: [Roman](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/Roman/) tale of mythical twins [Romulus and Remus](https://www.worldhistory.org/Romulus_and_Remus/) first recorded. - **394 BCE**: [Etruscan](https://www.worldhistory.org/Etruscan_Civilization/) [Volsinii](https://www.worldhistory.org/volsinii/) and their ally Sappinum unsuccessfully attacks [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). - **390 BCE**: Gauls sack [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). - **c. 390 BCE**: "Gallic Catastrophe:" [Brennus](https://www.worldhistory.org/brennus/) of the Senones defeats the Romans at Allia, and subsequently sacks [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). - **380 BCE**: Rebuilding of [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). Strong walls around the seven hills. - **343 BCE - 341 BCE**: First Samnite [War](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/War/) ([Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/) vs. Samnites). - **340 BCE - 338 BCE**: Latin [War](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/War/), victory for [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). - **326 BCE - 304 BCE**: Second Samnite [War](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/War/). - **321 BCE**: The Via Appia, a famous [Roman](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/Roman/) road, is constructed. - **298 BCE - 290 BCE**: Third Samnite [War](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/War/) between [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/) and the Samnite people. - **295 BCE**: [Roman](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/Roman/) victory over Samnites, Gauls and Umbrians at Sentinum. - **292 BCE**: The Romans adopt the [Greek](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/greek/) [god](https://www.worldhistory.org/God/) of [medicine](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/medicine/) [Asclepius](https://www.worldhistory.org/Asclepius/) by stealing his sacred snake from [Epidaurus](https://www.worldhistory.org/epidaurus/) and setting up a [temple](https://www.worldhistory.org/temple/) on the Tiber Island. - **Mar 218 BCE**: [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/) declares [war](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/War/) on [Carthage](https://www.worldhistory.org/carthage/) after [Hannibal](https://www.worldhistory.org/hannibal/) sacks [Saguntum](https://www.worldhistory.org/Saguntum/) in Spain. The [Second Punic War](https://www.worldhistory.org/Second_Punic_War/) begins. - **213 BCE - 212 BCE**: [Roman](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/Roman/) commander [Marcus Claudius Marcellus](https://www.worldhistory.org/Marcus_Claudius_Marcellus/) lays seige to and ultimately sacks [Syracuse](https://www.worldhistory.org/syracuse/). - **196 BCE**: The earliest known Triumphal Arches are built in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/) by L.Sertinius. - **184 BCE**: The first basilica is added to [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/)'s [Forum Romanum](https://www.worldhistory.org/Roman_Forum/). - **168 BCE**: [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/) defeats [Macedon](https://www.worldhistory.org/macedon/) at [Battle of Pydna](https://www.worldhistory.org/Battle_of_Pydna/). - **166 BCE**: [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/) puts [Delos](https://www.worldhistory.org/delos/) under the jurisdiction of [Athens](https://www.worldhistory.org/Athens/) and makes the island a free port. - **146 BCE**: First [Roman](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/Roman/) all-marble building is constructed, the [temple](https://www.worldhistory.org/temple/) of [Jupiter](https://www.worldhistory.org/jupiter/) Stater in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). - **121 BCE**: [Gallia](https://www.worldhistory.org/gaul/) Narbonensis becomes a [Roman](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/Roman/) province. - **107 BCE - 100 BCE**: [Gaius Marius](https://www.worldhistory.org/Gaius_Marius/) reforms the [Roman army](https://www.worldhistory.org/Roman_Army/). - **12 Jul 100 BCE - 15 Mar 44 BCE**: Life of Gaius [Julius Caesar](https://www.worldhistory.org/Julius_Caesar/), founder of the [Roman Empire](https://www.worldhistory.org/Roman_Empire/). - **89 BCE**: All [poleis](https://www.worldhistory.org/Polis/) or [city](https://www.worldhistory.org/city/)-states in [Magna Graecia](https://www.worldhistory.org/Magna_Graecia/) come under [Roman](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/Roman/) control. - **80 BCE**: [Sulla](https://www.worldhistory.org/sulla/) moves the [Olympic Games](https://www.worldhistory.org/Olympic_Games/) to [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/) for a single Olympiad. - **70 BCE**: [Pompey](https://www.worldhistory.org/pompey/) and [Crassus](https://www.worldhistory.org/Marcus_Licinius_Crassus/) are made consuls. - **59 BCE - 17 CE**: Life of [Livy](https://www.worldhistory.org/livy/). - **58 BCE - 51 BCE**: [Julius Caesar](https://www.worldhistory.org/Julius_Caesar/)'s [conquest](https://www.worldhistory.org/warfare/) of [Gaul](https://www.worldhistory.org/gaul/). - **55 BCE**: [Pompey the Great](https://www.worldhistory.org/pompey/) builds the first permanent stone [theatre](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/theatre/) in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). - **55 BCE - 54 BCE**: [Julius Caesar](https://www.worldhistory.org/Julius_Caesar/)'s expeditions in [Britain](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/Britain/). - **54 BCE - 29 BCE**: Forum of [Caesar](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/caesar/) constructed in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/) by [Julius Caesar](https://www.worldhistory.org/Julius_Caesar/) as another area to conduct judicial business. It is the best surviving of his monuments. - **15 Mar 44 BCE**: [Julius Caesar](https://www.worldhistory.org/Julius_Caesar/) is murdered. - **43 BCE - 36 BCE**: [Second Triumvirate](https://www.worldhistory.org/Second_Triumvirate/): [Antony](https://www.worldhistory.org/Mark_Antony/), [Octavian](https://www.worldhistory.org/augustus/), and Lepidus (official approval by the [Roman Senate](https://www.worldhistory.org/Roman_Senate/)). Mass proscriptions including [Cicero](https://www.worldhistory.org/Cicero/). - **43 BCE - 17 CE**: Life of the [Roman](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/Roman/) writer [Ovid](https://www.worldhistory.org/ovid/), author of Metamorphoses. - **36 BCE**: [Agrippa](https://www.worldhistory.org/Marcus_Agrippa/) defeats the naval fleet of Sextus [Pompey](https://www.worldhistory.org/pompey/) in the [battle](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/battle/) of Naulochos. - **31 BCE**: [Greece](https://www.worldhistory.org/greece/) absorbed into [Roman Empire](https://www.worldhistory.org/Roman_Empire/). - **29 BCE**: [Augustus](https://www.worldhistory.org/augustus/) builds the [temple](https://www.worldhistory.org/temple/) of Divius Iulius on the spot of [Julius Caesar](https://www.worldhistory.org/Julius_Caesar/)'s funeral pyre in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/)'s [Forum Romanum](https://www.worldhistory.org/Roman_Forum/). - **c. 27 BCE**: The first [Pantheon](https://www.worldhistory.org/Pantheon/) is built in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/) and dedicated by [Marcus Agrippa](https://www.worldhistory.org/Marcus_Agrippa/). - **c. 20 BCE**: Military engineer and architect [Vitruvius](https://www.worldhistory.org/Vitruvius/) publishes his "De Architectura". - **c. 20 BCE**: The Campus Martius baths in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/) are constructed and donated to the people by [Agrippa](https://www.worldhistory.org/Marcus_Agrippa/). - **19 BCE**: Arch of [Augustus](https://www.worldhistory.org/augustus/) built in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/) to commemorate victory over the Parthians. - **c. 13 BCE**: Official inauguration of the [Theatre of Marcellus](https://www.worldhistory.org/article/614/theatre-of-marcellus/) in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). - **c. 10 BCE**: [Augustus](https://www.worldhistory.org/augustus/) rebuilds the [Temple of Castor and Pollux](https://www.worldhistory.org/article/632/temple-of-castor--pollux/) in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/)'s [Forum Romanum](https://www.worldhistory.org/Roman_Forum/). - **1 CE - 100 CE**: [Mithraism](https://www.worldhistory.org/Mithraic_Mysteries/) spreads in the [Roman empire](https://www.worldhistory.org/Roman_Empire/). - **c. 13 CE**: [Augustus](https://www.worldhistory.org/augustus/) creates the [cohortes urbanae](https://www.worldhistory.org/Cohortes_Urbanae/) in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/) to help maintain public order. - **c. 23 CE**: The castra praetoria, permanent camp of the [Praetorian Guard](https://www.worldhistory.org/Praetorian_Guard/), is built in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/) by [Sejanus](https://www.worldhistory.org/sejanus/). - **42 CE - 62 CE**: [Paul the Apostle](https://www.worldhistory.org/Paul_the_Apostle/) goes on missionary journeys across [Asia Minor](https://www.worldhistory.org/Asia_Minor/), [Greece](https://www.worldhistory.org/greece/), and [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). - **c. 50 CE - c. 60 CE**: Establishment of various Christian communities in the Eastern [Mediterranean](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/mediterranean/), [Greece](https://www.worldhistory.org/greece/), [Egypt](https://www.worldhistory.org/egypt/), and at least the [city](https://www.worldhistory.org/city/) of [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). - **60 CE - 61 CE**: [Boudicca](https://www.worldhistory.org/Boudicca/)'s Revolt in [Britain](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/Britain/). - **64 CE**: Fire destroys the [Circus Maximus](https://www.worldhistory.org/Circus_Maximus/) in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). - **64 CE**: Unofficial persecution of Christians in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). - **64 CE**: The great fire in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). - **c. 64 CE**: The [Roman](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/Roman/) port of [Ostia](https://www.worldhistory.org/Ostia/) reaches its maximum size becoming a major urban centre. - **c. 65 CE**: The [Circus Maximus](https://www.worldhistory.org/Circus_Maximus/) in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/) is rebuilt and its capacity increased to 250,000. - **c. 65 CE**: The Baths of [Nero](https://www.worldhistory.org/Nero/) are built in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). - **66 CE - 73 CE**: The Jewish Revolt against [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). - **68 CE - 69 CE**: [Year of the Four Emperors](https://www.worldhistory.org/Year_of_the_Four_Emperors/): Civil [war](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/War/) in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). - **70 CE**: The [city](https://www.worldhistory.org/city/) of [Jerusalem](https://www.worldhistory.org/jerusalem/) is besieged and captured by [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/); the Second [Temple](https://www.worldhistory.org/temple/) destroyed. - **Jun 71 CE**: [Titus](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/Titus/) returns to [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/) from Jewish [War](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/War/). - **72 CE**: [Vespasian](https://www.worldhistory.org/Vespasian/) begins construction of the [Colosseum](https://www.worldhistory.org/Colosseum/) in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). - **Aug 79 CE - Oct 79 CE**: Eruption of Mt. Vesuvius in southern [Italy](https://www.worldhistory.org/italy/) burying the towns of [Pompeii](https://www.worldhistory.org/pompeii/) and [Herculaneum](https://www.worldhistory.org/Herculaneum/) in volcanic ash. - **80 CE**: The [Colosseum](https://www.worldhistory.org/Colosseum/) in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/) is officially opened by [Titus](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/Titus/) with a 100 day [gladiator](https://www.worldhistory.org/gladiator/) spectacular. - **80 CE**: The first [Pantheon](https://www.worldhistory.org/Pantheon/) in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/) is destroyed by fire. - **81 CE - 96 CE**: Construction is finally completed on the [Colosseum](https://www.worldhistory.org/Colosseum/) of [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/) in the reign of [Domitian](https://www.worldhistory.org/domitian/). - **83 CE**: [Battle](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/battle/) of Mons Graupius in [Scotland](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/Scotland/). - **18 Sep 96 CE**: [Death](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/Death/) of [Roman Emperor](https://www.worldhistory.org/Roman_Emperor/) [Domitian](https://www.worldhistory.org/domitian/). - **c. 110 CE**: First documented martydom in the [Colosseum](https://www.worldhistory.org/Colosseum/) of [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/), that of St. Ignatius of [Antioch](https://www.worldhistory.org/Antiochia/). - **110 CE**: The second [Pantheon](https://www.worldhistory.org/Pantheon/) building in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/) is hit by lightning and destroyed by fire. - **113 CE**: [Trajan's column](https://www.worldhistory.org/Trajans_Column/) is constructed in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/) which commemorates the emperor's campaigns in [Dacia](https://www.worldhistory.org/dacia/). - **c. 125 CE**: The [Pantheon](https://www.worldhistory.org/Pantheon/) is completed in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). - **10 Jul 138 CE - 9 Mar 161 CE**: Reign of [Roman Emperor](https://www.worldhistory.org/Roman_Emperor/) [Antoninus Pius](https://www.worldhistory.org/Antoninus_Pius/). - **c. 180 CE**: The [Column of Marcus Aurelius](https://www.worldhistory.org/article/647/the-column-of-marcus-aurelius/) and Faustina is erected in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). It depicts in relief [sculpture](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/Sculpture/) the emperors' campaigns across the Danube. - **192 CE**: Emperor [Commodus](https://www.worldhistory.org/commodus/) is murdered, civil [war](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/War/) ensues (until 197 CE). - **202 CE**: The [Pantheon](https://www.worldhistory.org/Pantheon/) in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/) is repaired by [Septimius Severus](https://www.worldhistory.org/Septimius_Severus/) and [Caracalla](https://www.worldhistory.org/Caracalla/). - **227 CE**: The Baths of [Nero](https://www.worldhistory.org/Nero/) in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/) are extensively renovated and expanded by [Alexander Severus](https://www.worldhistory.org/Alexander_Severus/) and renamed Thermae Alexandrinae. - **c. 235 CE**: The Baths of [Caracalla](https://www.worldhistory.org/Caracalla/) in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/) are completed. - **238 CE**: Year of the Six Emperors in the [Roman Empire](https://www.worldhistory.org/Roman_Empire/). - **272 CE**: Possible year of Emperor [Constantine](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/Constantine/)'s birth. - **283 CE**: A fire devastates [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/)'s [Forum Romanum](https://www.worldhistory.org/Roman_Forum/), necessitating an extensive rebuilding programme. - **286 CE**: Naval commander Carausius ([Marcus Aurelius](https://www.worldhistory.org/Marcus_Aurelius/) Mausaeus Valerius Carausius) declares himself emperor in [Britain](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/Britain/) and Northern [Gaul](https://www.worldhistory.org/gaul/). - **293 CE**: Emperor Carausius assassinated by Allectus. - **308 CE**: [Constantine I](https://www.worldhistory.org/Constantine_I/) named "[caesar](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/caesar/)" of the west. - **312 CE**: [Constantine](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/Constantine/) defeats Maxentius at Milvian Bridge. - **312 CE**: [Constantine I](https://www.worldhistory.org/Constantine_I/) reduces the [cohortes urbanae](https://www.worldhistory.org/Cohortes_Urbanae/) of [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). - **337 CE**: [Death](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/Death/) of Emperor [Constantine I](https://www.worldhistory.org/Constantine_I/). - **c. 360 CE - c. 380 CE**: The [Temple](https://www.worldhistory.org/temple/) of [Saturn](https://www.worldhistory.org/Saturn/) is rebuilt in the [Forum Romanum](https://www.worldhistory.org/Roman_Forum/) of [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). - **402 CE**: Ravenna becomes the capital of the [Western Roman Empire](https://www.worldhistory.org/Western_Roman_Empire/). - **408 CE**: [Alaric](https://www.worldhistory.org/Alaric/) I the [Visigoth](https://www.worldhistory.org/visigoth/) besieges [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). As ransom, Rome pays 5,000 pounds of [gold](https://www.worldhistory.org/gold/), 30,000 pounds of [silver](https://www.worldhistory.org/Silver/), 4,000 silken tunics, 3,000 hides dyed scarlet, and 3,000 pounds of [pepper](https://www.worldhistory.org/Pepper/). - **410 CE**: [Alaric](https://www.worldhistory.org/Alaric/) of the [Visigoths](https://www.worldhistory.org/visigoth/) sacks [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). - **24 Aug 410 CE**: [Alaric](https://www.worldhistory.org/Alaric/) sacks [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). - **422 CE**: The [Colosseum](https://www.worldhistory.org/Colosseum/) of [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/) is damaged by [earthquake](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/earthquake/). - **455 CE**: [Vandals](https://www.worldhistory.org/Vandals/) sack [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/). - **536 CE**: [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/) falls to [Belisarius](https://www.worldhistory.org/Belisarius/). - **549 CE**: The last official [chariot](https://www.worldhistory.org/chariot/) race is held in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/)'s [Circus Maximus](https://www.worldhistory.org/Circus_Maximus/). - **608 CE**: The [Pantheon](https://www.worldhistory.org/Pantheon/) in [Rome](https://www.worldhistory.org/Rome/) is converted into a Christian church. - **c. 730 CE**: First reference to the Flavian [Amphitheatre](https://www.worldhistory.org/amphitheatre/) as the [Colosseum](https://www.worldhistory.org/Colosseum/) by the Venerable [Bede](https://www.worldhistory.org/Bede/). ## Vanjske poveznice - [Ancient Rome Live](http://www.ancientromelive.org/) - [Rome Reborn](http://romereborn.frischerconsulting.com/) - [Four sisters in Ancient Rome - Ray Laurence](http://ed.ted.com/lessons/four-sisters-in-ancient-rome-ray-laurence) - [A glimpse of teenage life in ancient Rome - Ray Laurence](http://ed.ted.com/lessons/a-glimpse-of-teenage-life-in-ancient-rome-ray-laurence) - [Roman Lives](https://history-podcasts.com/roman-lives) - [S.P.Q.R.: A History of Ancient Rome - Episode - Free Library](https://libwww.freelibrary.org/podcast/?podcastID=1419) - [33 Ancient Rome Facts That Will Change The Way You See History](https://allthatsinteresting.com/ancient-rome-facts) - [Roman Emperors](http://www.roman-emperors.org/auggie.htm) - [The History of Rome](https://thehistoryofrome.typepad.com/) - [The Meaning of Myths, Folklore, Legends, and Fairy Tales](https://www.thoughtco.com/defining-terms-myth-folklore-legend-735039) - [Julius Caesar](http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/caesar_julius.shtml) - [Discover Ancient Rome in Google Earth](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MqMXIRwQniA) - [Historical city travel guide: Rome, 1st century AD | British Museum](https://www.britishmuseum.org/blog/historical-city-travel-guide-rome-1st-century-ad) ## Citirajte ovaj rad ### APA Mark, J. J. (2020, December 11). Antički Rim. (D. Maric, Prebavljač). *World History Encyclopedia*. ### Chicago Mark, Joshua J.. "Antički Rim." Preveo Dubravka Maric. *World History Encyclopedia*, December 11, 2020. . ### MLA Mark, Joshua J.. "Antički Rim." Preveo Dubravka Maric. *World History Encyclopedia*, 11 Dec 2020, . ## Licenca i autorska prava Podnio [Dubravka Maric](https://www.worldhistory.org/user/dubravka_maric/ "User Page: Dubravka Maric"), objavljeno 11 December 2020. Molimo provjerite izvorne izvore za informacije o autorskim pravima. Molimo vas da imate na umu da sadržaj povezan s ove stranice može imati različite uvjete licenciranja.