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Northern Crusades
The Northern or Baltic Crusades were military campaigns organised by popes and western rulers to convert pagans to Christianity in the 12th to 15th century. Unlike in the Holy Land, where military campaigns were aimed at liberating former...
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Medieval Knights: 12 of the Best
The knights of medieval Europe were meant to be the finest fighting men of their age, even more important, they were expected to be pure in thought and deed, as exemplified in the chivalrous code which they (usually) followed. Here are the...
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Second Crusade Battle Scene
A battle scene of the Second Crusade (1147-1149 CE). From a 14th century CE illustrated manuscript of William of Tyre's history of the Crusade. (French National Library, Paris)
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Zengids & the Crusaders: Race for Egypt (1163-1169 CE)
In the aftermath of the failure of the Second Crusade (1147-1149 CE), which only managed to bring Damascus under Nur ad-Din's (sometimes also given as Nur al-Din, l. 1118-1174 CE) dominion, Egypt acquired top priority – both from a...
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Map of the First Crusade Routes
"This map shows the main routes taken by those who joined the First Crusade. The appeal was made by Pope Urban II in November 1095 CE but crusaders did not set out until the following summer. One route went through Hungary crossing the Byzantine...
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Pope Innocent III & the Albigensian Crusade
A medieval manuscript illustration showing Pope Innocent III (r. 1198-1216 CE)
and the crusaders of the Albigensian Crusade in southern France (1209-1229 CE). (Chronicles of Saint-Denis, British Library, London)
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Children's Crusade
This print depicts the Children's Crusade of 1212 CE. From a wood cut by Dutch monogrammist LIW, ca 1550-1580 CE. (Metropolitan Museum, New York)
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Louis IX Captured During the Seventh Crusade
A 19th century CE illustration by Gustav Doré showing the French king Louis IX (r. 1226-1270 CE) and his capture by the army of the Ayyubid Empire during the Seventh Crusade (1248-1254 CE).
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Louis IX Departing for the Seventh Crusade
A 14th century CE illustration of Louis IX of France (r. 1226-1270 CE) departing Aigues Mortes for Egypt on the Seventh Crusade (1248-1254 CE).
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Children's Crusade, 1212 CE
A 19th century CE engraving by Gustave Doré of the Children's Crusade of 1212 CE.