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Cleopatra VII Philopator: the Last Queen of Ancient Egypt
Cleopatra VII Philopator was the last queen of Ancient Egypt before it was annexed as a province of Rome. Cleopatra VII Philopator lived between circa 69 and 30 BCE and ruled Ancient Egypt as queen between 51 and 30 BCE. She was the last...
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Siege of Alexandria, 47 BCE
The forces of Julius Caesar (100 BCE-48 BCE) battle a faction of the Egyptian army during the Siege of Alexandria in 47 BCE, part of a struggle over the Egyptian line of succession. Illustration by by Zvonimir Grbasic.
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Birth of Caesarion
An artistic depiction of the infant Caesarion (47-30 BCE) being presented to the Alexandrians by his parents Cleopatra VII (69-30 BCE) and Julius Caesar (100-44 BCE). From the game Old World.
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Alexander Helios
Alexander Helios (40 BCE – c. late 1st century BCE) was a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty, the second oldest son of Cleopatra VII (69 BCE – 30 BCE) and the twin brother of Cleopatra Selene II (40 BCE – 5 BCE). He spent the majority of his...
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Cleopatra & Antony
Regarded by the Romans as “fatale monstrum”- a fatal omen, Cleopatra is one of the ancient world's most popular, though elusive figures. The Egyptian Queen has been immortalized by numerous writers and film-makers, most popularly by Shakespeare...
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Cleopatra and Caesar
Cleopatra Before Caesar by Jean-Léon Gérôme, oil on canvas, 1866. Cleopatra confronts Gaius Julius Caesar after emerging from a roll of carpet. The Egyptian Queen had been driven from the palace in Alexandria by her brother/husband Ptolemy...
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Roman Siege Warfare
In ancient warfare open battles were the preferred mode of meeting the enemy, but sometimes, when defenders took a stand within their well-fortified city or military camp, siege warfare became a necessity, despite its high expense in money...
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Roman Literature
The Roman Empire and its predecessor the Roman Republic produced an abundance of celebrated literature; poetry, comedies, dramas, histories, and philosophical tracts; the Romans avoided tragedies. Much of it survives to this day. However...
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The Propaganda of Octavian and Mark Antony's Civil War
Propaganda played an important role in Octavian (l. 63 BCE - 14 CE) and Mark Antony's (l. 83 – 30 BCE) civil war, and once victorious at the Battle of Actium (31 BCE), Octavian returned home to become the first Roman emperor. The decade...
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Cleopatra's Nose
In the comic Asterix and Cleopatra (1963), Caesar exclaims, “she is kind, but the spices that easily go up her nose... she is pretty, too, though!” The joke (translated in the English edition as “only her nose is so easily put out of joint”...