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Hellenic Leagues and Hegemonies, 4th century BCE
A map illustrating the Hellenic world's dynamic political landscape in the aftermath of the Peloponnesian War (431–404 BCE) and the emergence of numerous leagues and hegemonies. These alliances formed among city-states and regions to navigate...
Definition
Lysander
Lysander (d. 395 BCE) was a Spartan statesman and general who famously defeated the Athenian navy at the Battle of Aigospotamoi in 405 BCE, which finally won the Peloponnesian War. Lysander gained a reputation for a fiery personality, daring...
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Gold Stater of the Aetolian League
Aetolian gold stater depicting a female personification of Aitolia seated on a pile of weapons. She clutches a spear in her right hand while having a little figure of Artemis at her feet. 239-229 BCE. Münzkabinett der Staatlichen Museen...
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Sparta
Sparta was one of the most important city-states in ancient Greece and was famous for its military prowess. The professional and well-trained Spartan hoplites with their distinctive red cloaks and long hair were probably the best and most...
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The Delian Problem
The Delian Problem: finding the value of the cube root of 2
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Veii
Veii (modern name: Isola Farnese, in Etruscan: Vei), was an important Etruscan town located near the west coast of central Italy. Lying just 16 km north of Rome, it was the most southerly of the major Etrurian settlements. The prosperity...
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Tarquinia
Tarquinia (Etruscan name: Tarch'na or Tarch, Roman name: Tarquinii) is a town located on the western coast of central Italy which was an important Etruscan and then Roman settlement. It is famous today as the site of around 200 Etruscan tombs...
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Comparison of the Greek City-States: Athens vs Sparta
Athens vs Sparta! Learn all about the similarities and differences of the Greek City-States, Athens and Sparta! This short comparison with Kelly Macquire discusses the important differences between Athens and Sparta during the height of their...
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Holy Roman Empire
The Holy Roman Empire officially lasted from 962 to 1806. It was one of Europe’s largest medieval and early modern states, but its power base was unstable and continually shifting. The Holy Roman Empire was not a unitary state, but a confederation...
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Populonia
Populonia (Etruscan name: Pupluna or Fufluna), located on the western coast of Italy, was an important Etruscan town which flourished between the 7th and 2nd century BCE. Rich in metal deposits and so noted for its production of pig iron...