---
title: Siddhartha Gautama, the Historical Buddha
author: Cristian Violatti
source: https://www.worldhistory.org/image/2160/siddhartha-gautama-the-historical-buddha/
format: machine-readable-alternate
license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/)
updated: 1970-01-01
---

# Siddhartha Gautama, the Historical Buddha

_Authored by [Cristian Violatti](https://www.worldhistory.org/user/violatti/)_

## Image File

[![Siddhartha Gautama, the Historical Buddha](https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/2160.jpg)](https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/2160.jpg)

## Image Caption

The [Buddha](https://www.worldhistory.org/Siddhartha_Gautama/) seated in meditation, one hand on his lap, the other pendant in a gesture known as earth-witness, which represents unshakability or steadfastness when being subject to the demons' temptations. This is a superb example of 12th century Nepalese metalcraft: [Copper](https://www.worldhistory.org/copper/) alloy, gilt. "Shakyamuni, the Historical Buddha" (Object 614), Patan Museum - Mangal Bazaar, Lalitpur (Nepal)

#### Editorial Review

This human-authored image has been reviewed by our editorial team before publication to ensure accuracy, reliability and adherence to academic standards in accordance with our [editorial policy](https://www.worldhistory.org/static/editorial-policy/).

## About the Author

Cristian is a public speaker and independent author with a strong passion for the human past. Inspired by the rich lessons of history, Cristian's goal is to stimulate ideas and to spark the intellectual curiosity of his audience.
- [Facebook Profile](https://www.facebook.com/cviolatti)
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## Cite This Work

### APA
Violatti, C. (2013, November 24). Siddhartha Gautama, the Historical Buddha. *World History Encyclopedia*. <https://www.worldhistory.org/image/2160/siddhartha-gautama-the-historical-buddha/>
### Chicago
Violatti, Cristian. "Siddhartha Gautama, the Historical Buddha." *World History Encyclopedia*, November 24, 2013. <https://www.worldhistory.org/image/2160/siddhartha-gautama-the-historical-buddha/>.
### MLA
Violatti, Cristian. "Siddhartha Gautama, the Historical Buddha." *World History Encyclopedia*, 24 Nov 2013, <https://www.worldhistory.org/image/2160/siddhartha-gautama-the-historical-buddha/>.

## License & Copyright

Submitted by [Cristian Violatti](https://www.worldhistory.org/user/violatti/ "User Page: Cristian Violatti"), published on 24 November 2013. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: [Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.en). This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms.