--- title: Map of the Russian Civil War in Europe (1917–1922) author: Simeon Netchev source: https://www.worldhistory.org/image/21062/map-of-the-russian-civil-war-in-europe-1917-1922/ format: machine-readable-alternate license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) updated: 2025-09-24 --- # Map of the Russian Civil War in Europe (1917–1922) _Authored by [Simeon Netchev](https://www.worldhistory.org/user/simeonnetchev/)_ ## Image File [![Map of the Russian Civil War in Europe (1917–1922)](https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/21062.png)](https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/21062.png) ## Image Caption The [Russian Civil War](https://www.worldhistory.org/Russian_Civil_War/) (1917–1922) was a multi-front conflict that followed the collapse of the Russian [Empire](https://www.worldhistory.org/empire/) and the Bolshevik seizure of power. After Lenin’s October Revolution in 1917, the Bolsheviks withdrew from World [War](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/War/) I with the [Treaty of Brest-Litovsk](https://www.worldhistory.org/Treaty_of_Brest-Litovsk/) (3 March 1918), ceding vast territories and alarming both Allies and nationalists. Soon, foreign interventions and the emergence of White armies under figures like Admiral Kolchak and Generals Denikin and Yudenich opened full-scale war across the former empire. The conflict was marked by shifting fronts, brutal campaigns, and the emergence of new states in Eastern [Europe](https://www.worldhistory.org/europe/). White offensives reached deep into Bolshevik territory but collapsed under Red Army counteroffensives led by Trotsky, while nationalist movements in Poland, Finland, the Baltic States, and the Caucasus sought independence. Peasant uprisings such as the Tambov Rebellion (1920–1921) and the Kronstadt sailors’ revolt (1921) revealed discontent with Bolshevik policies. By 1922, the Red Army had defeated major White forces, reconquered the Caucasus, and consolidated control, paving the way for the creation of the Soviet Union in December of that year. #### Editorial Review This human-authored image has been reviewed by our editorial team before publication to ensure accuracy, reliability and adherence to academic standards in accordance with our [editorial policy](https://www.worldhistory.org/static/editorial-policy/). ## About the Author Simeon is a freelance visual designer and history educator, passionate about the human stories that shape the past. - [Linkedin Profile](https://www.linkedin.com/in/simeon-netchev/) ## Cite This Work ### APA Netchev, S. (2025, September 22). Map of the Russian Civil War in Europe (1917–1922). *World History Encyclopedia*. ### Chicago Netchev, Simeon. "Map of the Russian Civil War in Europe (1917–1922)." *World History Encyclopedia*, September 22, 2025. . ### MLA Netchev, Simeon. "Map of the Russian Civil War in Europe (1917–1922)." *World History Encyclopedia*, 22 Sep 2025, . ## License & Copyright Submitted by [Simeon Netchev](https://www.worldhistory.org/user/simeonnetchev/ "User Page: Simeon Netchev"), published on 22 September 2025. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: [Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0deed.en). This licence only allows others to download this content and share it with others as long as the author is credited, but they can't change the content in any way or use it commercially. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms.