---
title: Turonensis 980,  the Deluxe Manuscripts of the Excerpta
author: Bibliothèque numérique de l'IRHT
source: https://www.worldhistory.org/image/20966/turonensis-980--the-deluxe-manuscripts-of-the-exce/
format: machine-readable-alternate
license: Creative Commons Attribution (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0)
updated: 2025-09-10
---

# Turonensis 980,  the Deluxe Manuscripts of the Excerpta

_Authored by Bibliothèque numérique de l'IRHT_

## Image File

[![Turonensis 980,  the Deluxe Manuscripts of the Excerpta](https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/20966.jpg)](https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/20966.jpg)

## Image Caption

This is the first folio of the manuscripts of the *Excerpta de Virtutibus et Vitiis*, stored in Tours, France. It is part of [the Constantinian Excerpts](https://www.worldhistory.org/The_Constantinian_Excerpts/), a [Byzantine](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/Byzantine/) encyclopedia compiled in the 10th century. The capital letter shows the title and which historian it was citing, and the minuscule letter was used for the main texts, with each paragraph seperated by the enlarged Omicron. The capital letter and the minuscule letter were used to create a visual hierachy, suggesting the purpose of this deluxe manuscript was not just for reading but also for creating an impressive book aesthetic. (Tours Municipal Library)

## Cite This Work

### APA
l'IRHT, B. n. d. (2025, September 10). Turonensis 980, the Deluxe Manuscripts of the Excerpta. *World History Encyclopedia*. <https://www.worldhistory.org/image/20966/turonensis-980--the-deluxe-manuscripts-of-the-exce/>
### Chicago
l'IRHT, Bibliothèque numérique de. "Turonensis 980, the Deluxe Manuscripts of the Excerpta." *World History Encyclopedia*, September 10, 2025. <https://www.worldhistory.org/image/20966/turonensis-980--the-deluxe-manuscripts-of-the-exce/>.
### MLA
l'IRHT, Bibliothèque numérique de. "Turonensis 980, the Deluxe Manuscripts of the Excerpta." *World History Encyclopedia*, 10 Sep 2025, <https://www.worldhistory.org/image/20966/turonensis-980--the-deluxe-manuscripts-of-the-exce/>.

## License & Copyright

[Original image](https://arca.irht.cnrs.fr/ark:/63955/rpno4ljokvon) by **Bibliothèque numérique de l'IRHT**. Submitted by [Ruisen Zheng](https://www.worldhistory.org/user/ruisenzheng/ "User Page: Ruisen Zheng"), published on 10 September 2025. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: [Creative Commons Attribution](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0deed.en). This license lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms.