--- title: Boundary Marker with an Official Inscription from Chalkidiki author: Nathalie Choubineh source: https://www.worldhistory.org/image/20678/boundary-marker-with-an-official-inscription-from/ format: machine-readable-alternate license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/) updated: 2025-07-11 --- # Boundary Marker with an Official Inscription from Chalkidiki _Authored by [Nathalie Choubineh](https://www.worldhistory.org/user/nathalie.choubineh/)_ ## Image File [![Boundary Marker with an Official Inscription from Chalkidiki](https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/20678.jpg)](https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/20678.jpg) ## Image Caption Inscribed stone boundary marker from Chalkidiki, c.350 to 300 BCE. Archaeological Museum of Thessalonika. It is an example of ancient [Greek](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/greek/) boundary markers, known as *horoi,* and it contains an official declaration regarding the new Macedonian territories in the northern part of the Chalkidiki Peninsula in Central Macedonia, [Greece](https://www.worldhistory.org/greece/). The second half of the 4th century BCE was a period marked by significant Greco-Macedonian conflicts and important historical events. In 349 BCE, [Philip II of Macedon](https://www.worldhistory.org/Philip_II_of_Macedon/) invaded the region as part of his efforts to [conquer](https://www.worldhistory.org/warfare/) Greece, defeating the Chalkidian League and destroying the [city](https://www.worldhistory.org/city/) of Olynthus. After Philip’s assassination in 336 BCE, his son, [Alexander the Great](https://www.worldhistory.org/Alexander_the_Great/), continued his expansion, though mostly abroad. Following the unexpected [death of Alexander the Great](https://www.worldhistory.org/article/2366/death-of-alexander-the-great/) in 323 BCE, a series of intense struggles over succession, known as the Wars of Diadochi, ensued. Around 310 BCE, [Cassander](https://www.worldhistory.org/Cassander/), a claimant to the throne who had married [Alexander](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/Alexander/)’s sister, [Thessalonike of Macedon](https://www.worldhistory.org/Thessalonike_of_Macedon/), eliminated the remaining members of the Argead royal family and became King of Macedonia. He also founded the [cities](https://www.worldhistory.org/city/) of Kassandreia and [Thessaloniki](https://www.worldhistory.org/Thessalonica/) in the Chalkidiki region. In this historical context, the Chalkidikian horos is likely an official decree issued by the new Macedonian authority after [Philip II](https://www.worldhistory.org/disambiguation/Philip_II/)’s [conquest](https://www.worldhistory.org/warfare/), marking the boundaries of the newly annexed territories. Although only partially preserved, the inscription outlines typical geographic markers, such as water sources (rivers Ammites and Manes), mountains (possibly the modern Vermio Mountains, identified as the Hermaion), place names (including Heptadryon, Prinos, and Lefki Petra), as well as religious sites (e.g., sanctuaries of the Dioskouri and [Artemis](https://www.worldhistory.org/artemis/)), major roads, and private properties. The inscription was discovered near Mount Cholomon, northeast of Polygyros in Central Macedonia, Greece. #### Editorial Review This human-authored image has been reviewed by our editorial team before publication to ensure accuracy, reliability and adherence to academic standards in accordance with our [editorial policy](https://www.worldhistory.org/static/editorial-policy/). ## About the Author Nathalie is a translator and independent researcher of dance in the ancient world with a focus on Ancient Greece and the Near East. She has published works in ancient dance, ethnomusicology, and literature. She loves learning and sharing knowledge. - [Facebook Profile](https://www.facebook.com/nathalie.choubineh/) - [Linkedin Profile](https://www.linkedin.com/in/nathalie-choubineh-035a8451/) ## Cite This Work ### APA Choubineh, N. (2025, July 11). Boundary Marker with an Official Inscription from Chalkidiki. *World History Encyclopedia*. ### Chicago Choubineh, Nathalie. "Boundary Marker with an Official Inscription from Chalkidiki." *World History Encyclopedia*, July 11, 2025. . ### MLA Choubineh, Nathalie. "Boundary Marker with an Official Inscription from Chalkidiki." *World History Encyclopedia*, 11 Jul 2025, . ## License & Copyright Submitted by [Nathalie Choubineh](https://www.worldhistory.org/user/nathalie.choubineh/ "User Page: Nathalie Choubineh"), published on 11 July 2025. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: [Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/deed.en). This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon this content non-commercially, as long as they credit the author and license their new creations under the identical terms. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms.