---
title: Robert Guiscard with Pope Nicholas II
author: Giovanni Villani
source: https://www.worldhistory.org/image/17507/robert-guiscard-with-pope-nicholas-ii/
format: machine-readable-alternate
updated: 2023-06-05
---
# Robert Guiscard with Pope Nicholas II
_Authored by Giovanni Villani_
## Image File
[](https://www.worldhistory.org/uploads/images/17507.jpg)
## Image Caption
[Robert Guiscard](https://www.worldhistory.org/Robert_Guiscard/) (c. 1015-1085) is proclaimed Duke of Apulia, Calabria, and [Sicily](https://www.worldhistory.org/sicily/) by Pope Nicholas II, illustration from the Nuova Cronica of Giovanni Villani, 14th century.
## Cite This Work
### APA
Villani, G. (2023, June 05). Robert Guiscard with Pope Nicholas II. *World History Encyclopedia*.
### Chicago
Villani, Giovanni. "Robert Guiscard with Pope Nicholas II." *World History Encyclopedia*, June 05, 2023. .
### MLA
Villani, Giovanni. "Robert Guiscard with Pope Nicholas II." *World History Encyclopedia*, 05 Jun 2023, .
## License & Copyright
[Original image](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Robert_Guiscard_claimed_as_a_Duke.jpg) by [**Giovanni Villani**](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Robert_Guiscard_claimed_as_a_Duke.jpg). Submitted by [Christopher L. Serafin](https://www.worldhistory.org/user/drchristopherse/ "User Page: Christopher L. Serafin"), published on 05 June 2023. The copyright holder has published this content under the following license: [Public Domain](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_domain). This item is in the public domain, and can be used, copied, and modified without any restrictions. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms.