6000 BCE: Settlement of Tell Brak founded in Syria.

3000 BCE - 2300 BCE: The Semitic Kish culture is dominant in the area of modern-day Syria. This culure is exemplified by Ebla and the Cities I and II of Mari.

3000 BCE: Trade already established between Syria and Egypt.

3000 BCE: City of Ebla founded in Syria.

3000 BCE - 2900 BCE: Mari, the earliest known planned city, is built near the eastern bank of the Euphrates.

2334 BCE - 2279 BCE: Reign of Sargon the Great of Akkad who conquers Syria.

2240 BCE: Naram-Sin of Akkad campaigns against the Amorites in northern Syria.

1344 BCE - 1322 BCE: Reign of the Hittite king Suppiluliuma I. Hittites conquer Syria.

1274 BCE: Battle of Kadesh between Pharaoh Ramesses II of Egypt and King Muwatalli II of the Hittites.

1245 BCE: Assyrian king Tukulti-Ninurta I defeats Hittites at Nihriya. Assyrians rule Syria.

1200 BCE: Region of Syria invaded by Sea Peoples.

912 BCE - 612 BCE: Syria is part of the Neo-Assyrian Empire.

605 BCE - 549 BCE: Babyon rules over Syria.

549 BCE - 300 BCE: The Persian Achaemenid Empire rules Syria.

332 BCE: Alexander the Great conquers Phoenicia and turns toward Egypt.

312 BCE - 83 BCE: Syria under the rule of Seleucid Empire.

274 BCE - 271 BCE: The first Syrian war, marking the beginning of the contest between the Ptolemies and the Seleucids for Phoenicia and Coele-Syria.

83 BCE: Tigranes the Great of Armenia liberates Syria and rules the region.

64 BCE: Pompey the Great claims Syria for Rome.

63 BCE: Jerash in Jordan becomes part of the Roman province of Syria.

66 CE - 73 CE: Syrian troops participate in the First Jewish-Roman War.

115 CE - 116 CE: Roman Empire annexes Syria.

125 CE - 180 CE: Life of the Rhetorician and Satirist Lucian of Samosata, an Hellenized Syrian writing in Attic Greek during the Second Sophistic.

132 CE - 136 CE: Syrian troops under Rome suppress the Bar Kokhba Revolt.

476 CE: Fall of the Western Roman Empire. Syria continues under Eastern (Byzantine)Empire.

637 CE: Muslim forces defeat the Byzantine army. Syria becomes part of Rashidun Caliphate.

970 CE: The Treaty of Safar makes Aleppo a client state of the Byzantine Empire.

975 CE: John I Tzimiskes invades Syria, conquering several cities and forcing neighboring Muslim states such as Damascus to pay tribute to the Byzantines.

1141 CE: The Assassins occupy Masyaf castle in Syria.

1259 CE: The Mongols besiege and capture Aleppo in Syria.