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550 BCE
540 BCE
530 BCE
520 BCE
510 BCE
500 BCE
490 BCE
480 BCE
470 BCE
460 BCE
450 BCE
440 BCE
430 BCE
420 BCE
410 BCE
400 BCE
390 BCE
380 BCE
370 BCE
360 BCE
550 BCE - 366 BCE: Peloponnesian League alliance between Sparta, Corinth, Elis and Tegea which establishes Spartan hegemony over the Peloponnese.
494 BCE - 493 BCE: Spartan forces under Cleomenes I attack the city of Argos.
494 BCE - 493 BCE: Telesilla of Argos defends her city against the Spartan forces with an army of women.
490 BCE: Leonidas beomes one of Sparta's two kings.
480 BCE: Battle of Thermopylae. 300 Spartans under King Leonidas and other Greek allies hold back the Persians led by Xerxes I for three days but are defeated.
479 BCE: Xerxes' Persian forces are defeated by Greek forces at Plataea effectively ending Persia's imperial ambitions in Greece.
478 BCE: Sparta withdraws from alliance against Persia.
464 BCE - 463 BCE: Earthquake in Sparta, followed by slave revolt. Surrender of Thasos.
460 BCE - 445 BCE: First Peloponnesian War.
432 BCE: Sparta declares that Athens has broken the Thirty Year Peace and prepares for war.
431 BCE - 404 BCE: The 2nd Peloponnesian War between Athens and Sparta (the Delian League and the Peloponnesian League) which involved all of Greece.
429 BCE: Peloponnesian forces led by Sparta begin the siege of Plataea.
427 BCE: Plataea finally falls to the Spartans after a two year siege.
424 BCE: Spartan Brasidas' campaign in Thrace.
424 BCE: Spartan general Brasidas takes Amphipolis, Thucydides failed to prevent this and is exiled.
424 BCE: A force of Athenian peltasts defeat Spartan hoplites on Sphaktria in the Peloponnese.
422 BCE: Spartan general Brasidas employs Myrkinian and Chalkidian peltasts to defeat a force of Athenian hoplites at Amphipolis.
421 BCE: Spartan soldiers return from campaigning Thrace, some as Neodamodeis.
420 BCE: Sparta is excluded from the Olympic Games for breaking the ekecheiria or sacred truce.
418 BCE: Sparta, led by Agis II, defeats Argos and her allies at the battle of Mantinaea.
413 BCE: On the advice of Alcibiades the Spartans take over the Athenian-held fort of Dekeleia.
412 BCE: Sparta allies with Persia.
410 BCE: Alcibiades leads the Athenian fleet to victory over Sparta at Cyzicus.
407 BCE: The Athenian fleet is defeated by Lysander of Sparta at Notium.
404 BCE: Spartan general Lysander attacks the Athenian port of Piraeus destroying parts of the Long Wall fortifications.
398 BCE: Xenophon works as mercenary for Sparta.
395 BCE - 386 BCE: The Corinthian Wars between Sparta and an alliance of Athens, Corinth, Argos, Boeotia and Thebes.
394 BCE: Spartan king Agesilaus II defeats a Theban coalition at the battle of Coronea.
390 BCE: Athenian leader Iphikrates employs peltasts to defeat Spartan hoplites at Lechaion near Corinth.
387 BCE: Sparta attacks the Athenian port of Piraeus.
382 BCE - 379 BCE: Sparta establishes a garrison at Thebes.
378 BCE - 377 BCE: Spartan king Agesilaus II campaigns in Boeotia.
377 BCE - 355 BCE: The Cycladic city states join Athens in the Second Athenian League against Sparta .
375 BCE: Thebes defeats Sparta at the Battle of Tegyra.
371 BCE: Thebes, led by Epaminondas, defeats Sparta in the Battle of Leuctra.