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1500 BCE
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1500 BCE - 500 CE: The Gandhara Civilization flourishes in what is today the northern portion of Pakistan and Afghanistan.
530 BCE: Persia conquers the Indus Valley.
268 BCE - 232 BCE: Reign of Ashoka the Great, third ruler of the Mauryan Empire.
250 BCE: Earliest recognizable examples of Kharosthi inscriptions at Gandhara.
350 CE: Demise of the Kharosthi script.