1640 CE: The Short and Long Parliaments debate funds for an army for Charles I of England.

1641 CE: Parliament passes the Grand Remonstrance critcising the rule of Charles I of England.

1641 CE: Parliament's Grand Remonstrance is formally presented to Charles I of England.

1642 CE - 1651 CE: The English Civil Wars between Parliamentarians ('Roundheads') and Royalists ('Cavaliers').

1642 CE - 1646 CE: The First English Civil War.

1642 CE: The Royalists defeat the Parliamentarians at the Battle of Edgehill in Warwickshire during the English Civil Wars.

1643 CE: Edward Montagu, Earl of Manchester takes command of the Eastern Association Army during the English Civil Wars.

1644 CE: Edward Montagu, Earl of Manchester is a member of the Committee of Both Kingdoms, effectively Parliament's war cabinet during the English Civil Wars.

1644 CE: The Parliamentarians, with the help of Scottish troops, defeat the Royalists at the Battle of Marston Moor during the English Civil Wars.

1644 CE: The indecisive Second Battle of Newbury during the English Civil Wars.

1645 CE: The English Parliament motions to form a new professional fighting force, the New Model Army.

1645 CE: Sir Thomas Fairfax is appointed the commander of the New Model Army during the English Civil Wars.

1645 CE: The Self-Denying Ordinance forbids any member of Parliament from also being a military commander in the New Model Army.

1645 CE: The Parliamentarians led by Sir Thomas Fairfax defeat the Royalists at the Battle of Naseby during the English Civil Wars.

1645 CE: The Parliamentarians led by Sir Thomas Fairfax defeat a Royalist army led by Lord Goring near Langport in Somerset.

1645 CE: The Parliamentarians led by Sir Thomas Fairfax beseige and capture Bristol after the surrender by Prince Rupert.

1647 CE: The Scots hand over Charles I of England to the English.

1647 CE: Charles I of England escapes from his capitivity and stays on the Isle of Wight.

1648 CE: The Second English Civil War when a Scottish army attempts and fails to restore Charles I of England.

1648 CE: At the Battle of Maidstone, Sir Thomas Fairfax leads the Parliamentairans to victory against a Royalist army led by the Earl of Norwich.

1648 CE: A Parliamentarian army led by Oliver Cromwell defeats an Anglo-Scottish Royalist army at the Battle of Preston.

1648 CE: Sir Thomas Fairfax leads the Parliamentarian siege which captures Colchester.

1648 CE: The New Model Army marches on Parliament to apprehend Presbyterian MPs and receive the arrears in their pay.

1648 CE: The creation of the 'Rump Parliament' sees the number of MPs reduced to just 150 members.

1648 CE: A group of Parliamentarian officers captures Charles I of England on the Isle of Wight.

1649 CE: Charles I of England is put on trial by Parliament and found guilty of treason.

1649 CE: Execution of Charles I of England. The monarchy is abolished.

1649 CE: Charles, son of Charles I of England, becomes Charles II of Scotland.

1650 CE: Oliver Cromwell leads the New Model Army to ruthlessly quash a major rebellion in Ireland.

1650 CE: Sir Thomas Fairfax resigns as commander of the Parliamentarian New Model Army, refusing to lead them against Scotland.

1650 CE: Oliver Cromwell leads the New Model Army to victory against a Socttish army at Dunbar.

1651 CE: Charles II of Scotland flees England after defeat at the Battle of Worcester.

1651 CE: Oliver Cromwell leads the New Model Army to victory against an invading Scottish army at Worcester.

1653 CE: Oliver Cromwell dissolves the 'Rump Parliament'.

1653 CE: The 'Barebones Parliament' appoints Oliver Cromwell the Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland.

1657 CE: A Leveller plot to assassinate Oliver Cromwell is discovered.