1090 CE - 1256 CE: The Assassins (aka Nizari Ismailis) occupy mountain castles in Syria, Iran and elsewhere.

1095 CE - 1102 CE: The First Crusade is formed to recapture Jerusalem for Christendom. It is successful in its primary aim.

1098 CE: Baldwin of Boulogne takes control of Edessa and the County of Edessa is formed, one of four Crusader-created states in the Levant.

1098 CE: The First Crusaders capture Antioch after an 8-month siege.

1099 CE: Jerusalem is captured during the First Crusade.

1099 CE: The Crusader state, the Kingdom of Jerusalem is created.

1101 CE: Caesarea is captured by the Crusaders.

1101 CE: Acre is captured by the Crusaders.

1119 CE: Foundation of the military order the Knights Templar.

1144 CE: The Knights Hospitaller acquire the castle of Krak des Chevaliers in Syria.

1144 CE: The Muslim Seljuk Turks, led by Imad ad-Din Zangi, capture Edessa.

1146 CE: Joscelin II's attempt to retake Edessa fails and the city is sacked by Nur ad-Din.

1147 CE - 1149 CE: The Second Crusade is launched to recapture Edessa for Christendom. It is not successful.

1147 CE: At Dorylaion a force of Muslim Seljuk Turks attacks an army led by Conrad III during the Second Crusade.

1149 CE: The Muslim Seljuk leader Nur al-Din captures Crusader-held Antioch.

1149 CE: A new Church of the Holy Sepulchre is completed in Jerusalem.

1150 CE: End of the County of Edessa.

1152 CE: Raymond II, the Count of Tripoli, is murdered by the Assassins.

1186 CE - 1192 CE: Guy of Lusignan reigns as king of the Kingdom of Jerusalem.

1187 CE: Saladin defeats the Franks army at the Battle of Hattin.

1189 CE - 1192 CE: The Third Crusade is formed with the aim of recapturing Jerusalem for Christendom. Although some cities were recaptured, Jerusalem was not one of them.

1189 CE - 1191 CE: The siege of Acre during the Third Crusade.

1191 CE: Richard I of England captures Acre during the Third Crusade.

1192 CE: Conrad of Montferrat, king of the Kingdom of Jerusalem, is murdered by the Assassins.

1202 CE - 1204 CE: The Fourth Crusade is formed to recapture Jerusalem for Christendom. Instead, the Crusaders attack Constantinople.

1203 CE: A small force of Crusader knights arrives in the Middle East during the Fourth Crusade.

1244 CE: An army of the Ayyubid dynasty defeats a large Latin army at the battle of La Forbie (Harbiya) in Gaza.

1247 CE: Al-Salih, Sultan of Egypt and Syria, captures Ascalon from the Franks.

1271 CE: Al-Zahir Baibars, Sultan of Egypt and Syria, captures the Knights Hospitaller castle of Krak des Chevaliers.

1291 CE: With the fall of Acre, the Crusader States, including the Kingdom of Jerusalem, are absorbed into the Mamluk Sultanate.

1291 CE: Acre, the last Christian stronghold in the Middle East, falls to the Mamluks.