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St. Anthony's Fire
Definition by John Horgan

St. Anthony's Fire

St. Anthony's Fire (SAF) is an illness brought on by the ingestion of fungus-contaminated rye grain causing ergot poisoning (ergotism). The disease's common name derives from the medieval Benedictine monks dedicated to that saint who offered...
Antinous
Definition by Joshua J. Mark

Antinous

Antinous (l. c. 110-130 CE) was a youth of Bithynia who became the beloved of the Roman emperor Hadrian (l. 76-138 CE, r. 117-138 CE) from around the age of 13 until his death at nearly 20. His year of birth is unknown as are any details...
Monastic Orders of the Middle Ages
Article by Joshua J. Mark

Monastic Orders of the Middle Ages

The monastic orders of the Middle Ages developed from the desire to live a spiritual life without the distractions of the world. Men and women who took religious vows were seeking a purity of experience they found lacking as lay people. Their...
Poppaea Sabina
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Poppaea Sabina

Poppaea Sabina (30-65 CE) was the wife of Praetorian prefect Rufrius Crispinius and then Marcus Salvius Otho (r. 69 CE) before she became the second wife of Roman emperor Nero (r. 54-68 CE). Considered by ancient sources both attractive and...
Cato the Elder
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Cato the Elder

Marcus Porcius Cato, better known as Cato the Censor or Cato the Elder (234-149 BCE), was an influential political figure of the Roman Republic. Serving as quaestor, aedile, praetor, consul, and censor, he championed Roman virtues and detested...
Diodorus Siculus
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Diodorus Siculus

Diodorus Siculus or Diodorus of Sicily (active 1st century BCE) was a Greek historian, known for his universal history Bibliotheca Historica. Originally, it was a 40-volume monumental work, covering the history of the Mediterranean region...
Sufferer of St. Anthony's Fire
Image by The Yorck Project

Sufferer of St. Anthony's Fire

A detail of a c. 1512 CE painting by Mathias Grunewald showing a man suffering from St. Anthony's fire (ergotism). 'Temptation of St. Anthony'. (Unterlinden Museum, Colmar, France)
Britannicus
Definition by Donald L. Wasson

Britannicus

Britannicus (41-55 CE) was the second child and only son born to the Roman emperor Claudius (r. 41-54 CE) and Valeria Messalina (c. 20-48 CE). Seen as a threat by Claudius' fourth wife, Agrippina the Younger (15-59 CE), and her son, the future...
Death of Alexander the Great
Article by Donald L. Wasson

Death of Alexander the Great

In June of 323 BCE, Alexander the Great (r. 336-323 BCE) died in Babylon. His sudden death before his 33rd birthday has long been a point of speculation: was it disease, old wounds, or murder? Regardless of the cause, history ranks him as...
Charles I by Anthony Van Dyck
Image by Google Cultural Institute

Charles I by Anthony Van Dyck

A c. 1635 painting of Charles I of England (r. 1625-1649) by Anthony van Dyck. (Royal Collection, London)
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